Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan
Date: 01-20-12 18:33
為人不做虧心事,---Wei2 ren2 bu4 zuo4 kui xin shi4,
夜半敲門也不驚.---Ye4 ban4 qiao men2 ye3 bu4 jing.
In life, if you have done nothing wrong and don't have a guilty conscience,
You wouldn't worry about a knock on your door at night.
--------------------------------------------------
The 65th most common Chinese surname QIU 邱 (065)
Qiu means: a Chinese surname.
The riddle of surname QIU is:
"I am a little soldier without the two legs, but I have a big right ear".
The surname Qiu is about 2,700 years old.
The surname Qiu originated in an area referred to during the Han Dynasty
(漢朝 206BC to 220AD) as the Henan prefecture (河南郡). The present day
location of Henan prefecture is in an area about 30 kilometers northeast
of the city of Luoyang (洛陽 112.4 degree East and 34.6 degree North, on
the world map) in Henan province (河南省).
In 1122BC, Zhou King Wu (周武王), destroyed the Shang Dynasty (商朝1783BC
to 1122BC) and established the Zhou Dynasty (周朝 1134BC to 256BC). Jiang
Ziya, (姜子牙), the commander-in-chief of the Zhou (周) armed forces, was
subsequently rewarded by Zhou King Wu the inheritable title of Hou (侯)
or the Marquis. Zhou King Wu died in 1116BC and was succeeded by his eldest
son Ji Song (姬誦) who was crowned Zhou King Cheng (周成王).
In 1112BC, Zhou King Cheng gave General Jiang Ziya the authority to rule
a large district called Yingqiu (營丘 located in present day Dongle county
東樂縣 in Shandong province 山東省) which was renamed the State of Qi (齊
國). Jiang Ziya was then referred to in Chinese history as Qi Dagong (齊
大公), the founder of the State of Qi.
Six generations after Jiang Ziya, one of his descendants, Jiang Jing (姜
靜), became the 6th ruler of the State of Qi. Jiang Jing moved his capital
from Yingqiu to Bogu (薄姑 in the present day of Linzi county 臨淄縣 in
Shandong province). Some of the descendants of Jiang Ziya adopted QIU (丘
) as their surname in remembrance of the nostalgia old capital.
2,800 years later, during the Qing Dynasty (清朝 1644AD to 1911AD), in 1723AD,
Ai-Xin-Jue-Luo Yun Zhen (愛-新-覺-羅 允禎) was crowned Emperor Yong Zheng
(雍正皇帝) who reigned until he was assassinated in1735AD. Emperor Yong
Zheng was obsessed with Confucianism. The surname of Confucius was Kong
(孔) and his name was Qiu (丘). Emperor Yong Zheng believed that Confucius
was a sacred sage and it was blasphemous for people to use his name Qiu
as their surname. So in 1726AD he issued an edict forbidding people to use
the character Qiu (丘) as their surname. Emperor Yong Zheng ordered that
a radical of Yi (邑) or a big ear should be added to the right side of Qiu
(丘). Ultimately the modified character became Qiu (邱). From then on surname
Qiu (丘) disappeared during the Qing Dynasty.
After Dr Sun Yat-Sen (孫逸仙) had overthrown the Qing Dynasty and established
the Republic of China in 1912AD, some of the people bearing surname Qiu
(邱) reverted to the ancient surname Qiu (丘), but many could not be bothered
to change.
Is your surname QIU (丘) or QIU (邱)?
The couplet for surname Qiu is,
源自周代,---Yuan2 zi4 Zhou Dai,
望族河南.---Wang4 zu2 Henan.
The origination of surname Qiu was during the Zhou Dynasty,
And it began to spread from Henan Prefecture.
..........................................................
Famous people produced by the Qiu clan are:
(1) Qiu Fengjia (邱逢甲 1864AD to 1912AD)
Qiu Fengjia was born on 26th December 1864 at village of Tongluowan (銅鑼
灣) in Miaoli (苗栗) of Taiwan (台灣). His parents were of Hakka origin.
He was very patriotic when he was a student. He went to Beijing city to
sit for the Imperial Examination. He passed the exam with flying colours
and became a scholar Jin Shi (進士 a scholar). The Qing Government (清朝
) wanted him to stay in Beijing and wanted to appoint him an official in
the Public Works Department. He declined the offer and returned to Taiwan
and became an educationist. He lectured at Hong Wen College (宏文書院) in
Taizhong (台中), Luo Shan College (羅山書院) in Tainan (台南) and Chong
Wen College (崇文書院) in Jiayi (嘉義). He taught new and modern practical
ideas at the colleges.
In 1894AD, China fought a war with Japan and China lost. China was forced
to cede the island of Taiwan to Japan. However, the Chinese in Taiwan refused
to live under the Japanese. They resisted against the Japanese occupation.
Qiu Fengjia helped to organize an army to fight against the Japanese. The
army under his command was defeated by the Japanese. Eventually, Taiwan
was lost to Japan. Qiu Fengjia fled across the Starit of Taiwan to Guangdong
province (廣東省). He was appointed the departmental head of the educational
center of Mei Chao (梅潮興學務). He never give up hope of recovering Taiwan
back to the Motherland.
The reason he gave for losing Taiwan to Japan was:
"人民缺乏教育, 不知國族關係" .
He recognized that the citizens must be eductaed in order to save the country;
"乾坤蒼莽正風塵, 力挽狂瀾仗要人."
In 1897, Qiu Fengjia returned to his ancestors' county of Jiaoling (蕉嶺
縣) to establish schools so that children from the remote villages could
access to education. He lectured at the Han Shan College (韓山書院) in Chaozhou
(潮州), at the Dong Shan College (東山書院) in Chaoyang county (潮陽縣)
and at the Jing Han College (景韓書院) in Chenhai county (澄海縣) in the
province of Guangdong (廣東省).
In 1899, he and his younger brother, Qiu Shujia (丘樹甲) and Yang Shouyu
(楊守愚) founded a modern "Western Type" college called "Dong Wen 東文學
堂" at Zhenpeng (鎮平) in Chaozhou (朝州). In 1900 Qiu Fengjia went to Hong
Kong, Malaya and Singapore to raise fund to support the college. In 1901,
he and Wen Zhonghe (溫仲和), He Shoupeng (何壽朋), Wen Danming (溫丹銘)
and a few others went to Shantou (汕頭) and established Ling Dong Tong Wen
College (嶺東同文學堂) which was a Westernized College. In 1903 he returned
to his ancestors' place of Jioaling and established a junior teacher training
college for training primary schools teachers. He also founded a government
subsidized high school (the present day Jiao Ling High School 今蕉嶺中學
) in the town of Zhenping.
Qiu Fengjia also established a high school in Xingning (興寧) called Xing
Ning High School where he became the principal. He founded a high school
in each of these counties; Meixian (梅縣), Wuhua (五華縣), in Guangdong
province, Shanghang (上杭縣) and Wuping (武平縣) in Fujian province.
In 1906, Cen Chunxuan (岑春萱), the Governor of the provinces of Guangdong
and Guangxi (廣西省), invited Qiu Fengjia to become the Educational Director
and the chief Educational Supervisor of the two provinces. In 1908 Qiu Fengjia
was elected the president of the Association of Education (廣東省教育總會
會長) of Guangdong province. When the Education Department was established
in Guangdong province, Qiu Fengjia became its first Director.
Qiu Fengjia was a follower of Dr Sun Yat-Sen. After the establishment of
the Republic of China in 1912, Qiu Fengjia changed his name to Qiu Canghai
(丘倉海) and became the Minister of Education in the Revolutionary Government
in Guangdong province. He went to Nanjing (南京) to take part in the formation
of the Government of the Republic of China. He was taken ill and he returned
to his ancestors' village Danding (淡定村) in Jaioling county where he died
of liver cancer, aged 49.
During his life time he had written several books. The most popular one
was Ling Nan Hai Ri Lou Shi Chao (嶺南海日樓詩抄).
...................................................................
(2) Qiu Wei (邱為)
Qiu Wei was a good friend of Wang Wei 王維 (701AD to 761AD)
尋西山隱者不遇 Xun Xi Shan Yin Zhe Bu Yu
絕頂一茅茨,---Jue2 ding3 yi mao2 ci2,
直上三十里;---Zhi2 shang4 san shi2 li3;
扣關無僮僕,---Kou4 guan wu2 tong2 pu2,
窺室惟案几.---Kui shi4 wei2 an4 ji.
若非巾柴車?--Ruo4 fei jin chai2 che?
應是釣秋水.---Ying shi4 diao4 qiu shui3.
差池不相見,---Cha chi2 bu4 xiang jian4,
黽勉空仰止.---Min3 mian3 kong3 yang3 zhi3.
草色新雨中,---Cao3 se4 xin yu3 zhong,
松聲晚窗裏;---Song sheng wan4 chuang li3;
及茲契幽絕,---Ji2 zi qi4 you jue2,
自足蕩心耳.---Zi4 zu2 dang4 xin er3.
雖無賓主意,---Sui wu2 bin zhu3 yi4,
頗得清淨理.---Po de2 qing jing4 li3.
興盡方下山,---Xing jin4 fang xia4 shan,
何必待之子.---He2 bi4 dai4 zhi zi3.
The explanations in plain Chinese and English.
(01) 高高的山頂上, 有一間茅屋,
To your hermitage here on the top of the mountain
(02) 從山下一直走上去, 約有三十里路程;
I have climbed, without stopping, for about thirty lis.
(03) 敲著茅屋的門, 卻沒有僮僕走出來應接,
I have knocked at your door, and no one answered;
(04) 我張張望著室內, 只見陳設著桌子和茶几.
I have peeped into your room, at your seat beside the table.
(05) 我想這位隱士, 若不是坐了祡車去遊玩?
Perhaps you are out riding in your canopied chair,
(06) 那末便是向秋水中釣魚去了.
Or fishing, more likely, in some autumn pool.
(07) 彼此錯過, 不能見面,
Sorry though I am to be missing you,
(08) 我惟有憑空殷勤地仰望, 弄得白走一趟啊!
You have become my meditation --
(09) 不過此刻我所看到聽到的, 有新雨中的草色,
The beauty of your grasses, fresh with rain,
(10) 有送進晚窗裏的松聲,
And close beside your window the music of your pines.
(11) 這些地方, 便可適合我的幽趣,
I take into my being all that I see and hear,
(12) 自然也可以開蕩我的心頭和耳中的煩囂了.
Soothing my senses, quieting my heart;
(13) 所以雖然得不到賓主談笑的歡樂,
And though there be neither host nor guest,
(14) 也很能獲得清雅的興趣.
Have I not reasoned a visit complete?
(15) 玩得興致完時, 方纔走下山去了;
After enough, I have gone down the mountain.
(16) 既然已經興盡而返, 又何必等候這個人呢?
Why should I wait for you any longer?
[The English translation is taken from Google]
....................................................................
(3) 丘濬 (Qiu Jun)
Qiu Jun was from Qiongshan county (瓊山縣) of Guangdong province (廣東省
). He graduated as a Jin Shi (進士 or a scholar) during the reign of Emperor
Jing Zhu Qiyu (皇帝景朱祁鈺 reigned 1450AD to 1458AD) of Ming Dynasty (明
朝 1368AD to 1644AD). He had written many books and the most famous one
was 大學衍義補). After his death he was posthumously by the Emperor as Wen
Zhuang (文莊) or the village of literature.
Posted to Overseas Chinese Forum at asiawind.com
By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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