Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan
Date: 01-10-12 16:51
天時不如地利,---Tian shi2 bu4 ru2 di4 li4,
地利不如人和.---Di4 li4 bu4 ru2 ren2 he2.
Favourable geographical conditions are better than timely,
Good human relationships are better than the favourable
geographical conditions.
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The 35th most common Chinese surname - PENG 彭 (035)
Peng means: plenty; strong and huge.
The surname Peng is about 3000 years old.
The surname Peng originated in an area referred to during the Qin Dynasty
(秦朝 221BC to 207BC) as the Longxi prefecture (隴西郡). The present day
location of Longxi prefecture is in Linyao county (臨洮縣 103.8 degree East
and 35.7 degree North on the world map) in Gansu province (甘肅省).
Lu Zhong (陸終), an eighth generation descendant of Huangdi (黃帝) or the
Yellow Emperor, had six sons and his third son was called Jian Keng (籛鏗
). During the Xia Dynasty (夏朝 2205BC to 1766BC) Jian Keng was given the
authority to rule a district called Dapeng (大彭 the present day city of
Xu Zhou 徐州市 in Jiangsu province 江蘇省). Jian Keng adopted Peng (彭)
as his surname and came to be known as Peng Keng (彭鏗).
During the Shang Dynasty (商朝 1783BC to 1122BC), an offspring of Peng Keng
was an official in the Shang Court. In 1534BC, he was ordered by King He
Danjia (河亶甲王 1534BC to 1526BC) to lead an expeditionary force to pacify
the rebellious Pei tribe (邳族) in the north. The ruler of Dapeng district
defeated the Pei tribe who fled further north. King He Danjia rewarded the
ruler of Dapeng the title of Bo (伯) or Count which was inheritable. The
ruler of Dapeng was known as Peng Bo (彭伯).
King He Danjia died in 1526BC and was succeeded by his eldest son who was
crowned King Zu Yi (祖乙王 1525BC to 1507BC), the 11th King of the Shang
Dynasty. The following year, King Zu Yi relocated Peng Bo to Xing (邢 the
present day county of Xingtai 邢台縣 in Hebei province 河北省).
A few hundred years later, during the reign of King Wu Ding ( 武丁王1324BC
to 1275BC), the 20th King, the incumbent ruler of Xing, who had inherited
the title of Peng Bo from his ancestors, pledged loyalty to Shi Wei (豕韋
), an antagonistic State to the Shang Dynasty. King Wu Ding was furious
and in 1282BC dispatched a punitive force and had the district of Da Peng
and the State of Shi Wei subjugated. The descendants of Peng Keng continued
to use PENG (彭) as their surname.
The couplet of surname Peng
源自陸終,---Yuan2 zi4 Lu Zhong,
望出隴西.---Wang4 chu Longxi.
The progenitor of surname Peng was Lu Zhong,
And the clan originated fro Longxi Prefecture.
.................................................
The prominent persons produced by the Peng Clan
(1) Peng Pai (彭湃 to 1929AD)
革命烈士,---Ge2 ming4 lie4 shi4,
永垂不朽.---Yong3 chui2 bu4 xiu3
Eternal glory to the revolutionary martys
......................................................
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E6%B9%83
The cradle of the modern Chinese Peasant Associations was in the two counties
of Haifeng (海豐) and Lufeng (陸豐), in the East River (東江) districts
of Guangdong province (廣東省). The pioneer of the peasant movement was
Peng Pai who was born into a wealthy Haifeng landlord family. He went to
Japan to study politics and was greatly influenced by Japanese Socialists.
He returned to China and became a school teacher in his native village.
He was one of the first in the district to join the Chinese Communist Party.
He believed that the 'main force' of the revolution was on the poor peasants.
His idea was similar to that of Mao Zedong (毛澤東). He soon engaged in
trying to organize the peasants. Peng Pai led his students to stage the
1921 May Day demonstration. For this he was dismissed by his school principal.
After the dismissal, Peng Pai went out into the country side, devoting himself
entirely to the business of rousing the peasants. His first revolutionary
venture to urge the peasants to organize peasant associations was a failure.
He wore Western-style to the villages to talk to the peasants. People in
his hometown thought that he had a nervous breakdown. As the son of a landlord
he was first received with mistrust and hostility. The peasants told him:
萬事皆有天數定,---Wan4 shi4 jie you3 tian shu4 ding4,
一生都是命安排.---Yi sheng du shi4 ming4 an pai2.
"Each person's fate has long been determined in advance,
A landlord will remain a landlord and a peasant will remain a tenant."
He used gramophone to play music and songs and magic shows - he was skilled
at magic - to attract the villagers to his meetings. Peng Pai told the village
audiences to form peasant organizations to fight for their own interest.
Slowly after weeks, the peasants were convinced. The first Peasant Association
was formed in 1922. More organizations were established and they spread
rapidly to neighbouring districts and a Guangdong Provincial Peasant Association
was founded.
At the high of this movement the peasant organizations contained more than
200,000 members in these two counties of Haifeng and Lufeng. Thus they became
the model and the bastion for the peasant movement in China especially in
Guangdong province.
In Febuary 1924, the Kuomintang (國民黨 KMT) established a Peasant Department
in the city of Guangzhou (廣州) and Peng Pai became the first secretary
of the Department. In July 1924, Peng Pai set up the Peasant Movement Training
Institute and became its first director. The publication by the Institute
was 中國農民 (The Chinese Peasant). Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai (周恩來) also
gave lectures in this Institute.
In 1925, Peng Pai left Guangzhou to resume his work to organize peasants
to form Peasant Associations in Guangdong province. Mao Zedong took over
from Peng Pai and became the second director of the Institute. Mao Zedong's
brother Mao Zemin (毛澤民) was one his students, who included a large percentage
of Hunanese probably recruited by Mao Zedong's provincial Party committee.
In September 1925, Mao Zedong took the whole student body of the Peasant
Movement Training Institute on a two-week visit to the county of Haifeng,
where they were given lectures by Peng Pai and shown an agrarian revolution
in action.
In July 1926, the Northern Expedition Army got under way with Chiang Kai-shek
(蔣介石) as commander-in-chief who was appointed jointly by the Kuomintung
and the Communists. Peng Pai took part in the expedition and was ordered
to arouse the peasants to help the expedition forces.
On 12 March 1927, Chiang Kai-shek staged his massacre of the Communists
and the Kuomintung and the Communist coalition ended in July. On 1 August
1927 the Communists staged an uprising in the city of Nanchang (南昌) in
Jiangxi province (江西省).
After the collapse of the Nanchang uprising the Communists, including Peng
Pai, retreated to Shantou (汕頭) in Guangdong province where they held for
ten days against assaults from both the foreign gunboats and native troops
of militarists. The Communists, later, withdrew to the province of Hunan
(湖南省) and joined up with Mao Zedong in Jingganshan (井岡山) where he
had established a Red base.
In October 1927, Peng Pai went back to his hometown and staged an insurrection
and established a 'soviet' in the counties of Haifeng and Lufeng. He organized
a peasant army. The Haifeng and Lufeng soviet announced that land would
be taken from the landlords and distributed to the peasants. The peasant
army took control of many of the neighbouring counties.
Chen Jiongming (陳炯明), the Warlord of Guangdong province, sent troops
to encircle the counties under the control of the 'soviet'. The warlord
troops constantly attacked the Peasant Soviet. Eventually, the peasant movement
in Hailufeng was destroyed by the warlord Chen Jiongming.
Peng Pai escaped to Guangzhou and joined up with Zhang Dalei (張大雷). Peng
Pai took part in the Guangzhou uprising on 11 December 1927. The insurrection
lasted for only three days when it was crushed by the Koumintang troops
under the commander of Zhang Kuifa (張奎發). Zhang Dalei was killed and
Peng Pai was captured by the warlord soldiers. Peng Pai was executed in
1929.
..............................................
(2) Peng Yue (彭越)
Peng Yue was a general under the command of Xiang Yu (項羽) during the civil
war between him and Liu Bang (劉邦). The civil war waged on for four years
from 205BC to 202BC. Peng Yue was a general defending the walled-city of
Peng Cheng (彭城). He defected to Liu Bang and welcomed Liu Bang into the
walled-city. Peng Yue was one of the generals who helped Liu Bang to have
Xiang Yu defeated. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty (漢朝 206BC
to 220AD) and Liu Bang had become the Emperor Peng Yue was rewarded with
the title of Liang Wang (梁王) or the Prince of the State of Liang.
Several years later there were people reported to Liu Bang that Peng Yue
was planning to rebel him with the intention of establishing a kingdom.
Liu Bang had Peng Yue arrested and executed with his whole family.
......................................................
(3) Peng Yulin (彭玉麟)
Peng Yulin was born in the county of Hengyang (衡陽縣) of Hunan province
(湖南省). He could write poetry and was an excellent artist in painting
plum trees. During the period between1851AD to 1864AD he helped Zeng Guofan
(曾國藩) in defeating the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天國). All his paintings
of plum flowers are still being kept in the Art Archive in China.
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Posted to Overseas Chinese Forum at asiawind.com
By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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