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Author: Yoon-Ngan CHUNG
Date: 01-05-04 01:00
Surname LIANG is No.21 in the top 100 surnames
Surname LIANG (梁).
Liang means a beam, bridge or elevation.
The surname Liang is about 2,600 years old.
The surname Liang originated in an area referred to during the Han Dynasty (漢朝 206BC to 220AD) as the An Ding prefecture (安定郡). The present day location of An Ding prefecture is in Gu Yuan county (固原縣 106.2 degree East and 36.0 degree North on the world map) of Gansu province (甘肅省)
From time immemorial there had been constant violent conflicts between the agricultural Xia Tribe (夏族) and the Quan Rong (犬戎), who were the marauding herdsmen, in the North Western part of the land that we call modern China. Pillaging and plundering committed by the Quan Rong went unabated throughout the Centuries.
In 827 BC Ji Jing (姬靖) was crowned Zhou King Xuan (周宣王) and reigned from 827BC to 782BC. Zhou King Xuan was the eleventh King of the Zhou Dynasty (周朝1134 BC to 256 BC). This constant menace by the Quan Rong was not tolerated by Zhou King Xuan, so in 825BC he ordered Qin Zhong (秦仲), a descendant of Huang Di (黃帝) or Yellow Emperor, to lead an expedition force to pacify the North Western Region. Unfortunately the expeditionary force was defeated by the Quan Rong and Qin Zhong was killed in the battle and a large part of territory was lost to the Quan Rong.
Qin Zhong had five sons, who swore that they would take revenge on the Quan Rong and recover the lost territory. The five brothers sent a petition to Zhou King Xuan asking for an army to take on the Quqn Rong. Zhou King Xuan agreed and dispatched an army of more than seven thousand troops, which were to be under the command of the five brothers.
On a chosen date they marched Northwest, with determination to have their revenge. The brother fought bravely and the Quan Rong were defeated and the lost territory was recovered.
After the victory Zhou King Xuan rewarded Qin Zhuang (秦莊), the eldest son of Qin Zhong, a position as the Governor of the Northwest Region. Qin Kang (秦康), the second son of Qin Zhong, was rewarded with authority by Zhou King Xuan to rule a district in Xia Yang Liang Shan (夏陽梁山) near the present day city of Han Cheng (韓城) in Shaanxi province (陜西省). Zhou King Xuan also bestowed upon Qin Kang the title of Bo (伯) or Earl which was hereditary. Qin Kang renamed his domain the State of Liang (梁國) and he was known as Liang Kang Bo (梁康伯) or Earl Liang Kang.
During the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋時間 722 BC to 481 BC), the central authority of the land was the Zhou Court which was weak. Traditionally, all Vassal States paid homage to the Zhou Court every three years; as the central authority grew weaker, the vassal States regarded the Zhou Court as a spent force, unable to intervene in disputes among the Vassal States. Large and powerful states began to conquer and annex the small and weaker ones, knowing that the central authority could do nothing to stop them.
The state of Qin (秦國), in present day Feng Xiang county (鳳翔縣) in Shaanxi province, was a bordering State of Liang. Qin was a very powerful and bellicose State which wanted to expand its territory. In 641 BC the ruler of Qin called Ying Ren Hao (嬴任好), who ruled from 659 BC to 621 BC, decided to expand Eastward. Eventually the State of Liang was conquered and annexed by Qin.
The descendants of Liang Kang Bo adopted LIANG as their surname in remembrance of their extinct State.
The couplet of surname Liang is:
東平世澤﹐=Dong ping shi ze,
安定家聲。=An ding jia sheng.
Prominent historical figures of the Liang clan are:
(1) Liang Hong Yu (梁紅玉)
Liang Hong yu was the wife of Han Shi Zhong (韓世忠 1089AD to 1151AD), a general in the armed forces of the Song Dynasty (宋朝 960AD to 1279AD). In 1130AD, the fourth year reign of Emperor Gao Zong (高宗皇帝), the Jin Army (金兵) under the command of Wu Zhu (兀朮) invanded Huang Tian Dang (黃天蕩 present day the city of Nanjing 南京市 in Jiangsu province 江蘇省). The Song army under the command of Han Shi Zhong fought against the Jin invaders. While Hang Shi Zhong leading the Song Army fighting the Jin Forces Liang Hong Yu beat drums to give her husband the moral support (擊鼓助戰﹐激勵士氣). The Jin Army could not cross Chang Jiang (長江). Eventually, the Song Army withdrew from the city of Huang Tian Dang which fell to the Jin Army.
In 1136AD, Emperor Gao Zong appointed Han Shi Zhong the Military Governor of Chu Zhou (楚州 present day Huai An county 淮安縣 in Jiangsu province). Liang Hong Yu accompanied her husband to help him in his new appointment. Liang Hong Yu 與士卒披荊斬棘﹐她親身織帘為屋 or helped the soldiers and officers to settle in the new environment. In appreciation of her service Emperor Gao Zong rewarded Liang Hong Yu the title of Lady An Guo (安國夫人). This is what the people said about her, 滿江還響紅玉鼓=Man jiang huan xiang Hong Yu gu.
(2)
清風明月本無價﹐=Qing feng ming yue ben wu jia,
近水遙山皆有情。=Jin shui yao shan jie you qing.
The cool breeze and the bright moon are priceless,
The close water and the remote mountain have the affection.
The above couplet was written by the scholar cum Governor Liang Zhang Ju (梁章鉅 1775AD to 1848AD) who was born in Chang Le county (長樂縣) in Fujian province (福建省). Liang Zhang Ju passed the Imperial Examination during the reign of Emperor Jia Qing (嘉慶皇帝 1796AD to 1820AD) and became a Jin Shi (進士).
He was appointed an official and eventually became the Governor of the two provinces of Jiangsu (江蘇省) and Jiangxi (江西省). He had written many books.
(3) Liang Qi Chao (梁啟超 1873AD to 1929AD)
Liang Qi Chao was born in Xin Hui county (新會縣) in Guangdong province (廣東省). At an earlier age he learned the Classics from his grandfather and father. He enrolled at the Naval College in Guangzhou city (廣州市). In the 15th year reign of Emperor Guang Xu (光緒皇帝) or 1889AD, at the age of 17, he passed the Imperial Examination.
At that time most of the young people had the attitude of 國家興亡﹐(Guo jia xing wang), 匹夫有責。(Pi fu you ze), or The rise and fall of the country I bear the reponsible. Seeing the Qing Government was so corrupted he and his teacher Kang You Wei (康有為) established a newspaper called Shi Wu Bao (時務報) or Current Affairs Daily in Shanghai. Current Affairs Daily criticzed the Government for being corrupted. It was advocating for the government to build moderm schools and to abolish the Imperial Examination. Liang Qi Chao, Kang You Wei, Tan Si Tong (譚嗣同) and a few others staged a coup to reform the corrupted Qing Administration. Liang Qi Chao fled to Japan after the coup was crushed.
Kiang Qi Chao was a very learned scholar and had written many books.
===============================================
I think surname LUKE is not a Chinese surname
CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
All rights reserved 05012004
Yoon-Ngan CHUNG
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