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 Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   07-31-11 03:24



Mao Zedong poetry 毛澤東詩

(01)
賀新郎 He Xin Lang
(Written in 1923)

揮手從茲去.
Hui shou3 cong2 zi qu4.
更那堪淒然相響, 苦情重訴.
Geng na4 kan qi ran2 xiang4 xiang4, ku3 qing2 chong2 su4.
眼角眉梢都似恨, 熱淚欲零還住.
Yan3 jiao3 mei2 shao du si4 hen4, re4 lei4 yu4 ling2 huan2 wang4.
知誤會前翻書語.
Zhi wu4 hui4 qian2 fan shu yu3.
過眼滔滔雲共霧, 算人間知己吾與汝.
Guo4 yan3 tao tao yun2 gong4 wu4, suan4 ren2 jian zhi ji3 wu2 yu4 ru3.
人有病, 天知否?
Ren2 you3 bing4, tian zhi fou3?

今朝霜重東門路,
Jin zhao shuang Zhong4 dong men2 lu4,
照橫塘半天殘月, 淒清如許.
Zhao4 heng2 tang2 ban4 tian can2 yue4, qi qing ru2 xu3.
汽笛一聲腸已斷,從此天涯孤旅.
Qi4 di2 yi sheng chang2 yi3 duan4, cong2 ci3 tian ya2 gu lu3.
憑割斷愁思恨縷.
Ping2 ge duan4 chou2 si hen4 lu3.
要似崑崙崩絕壁, 又恰像颱風掃環宇.
Yao si4 Kunlun beng jue2 bi4, You4 qia2 xiang4 Taifeng sao3 Huanyu.
重比翼, 和雲翥.
Zhong4 bi3 yi4, he2 yun2 zhu4

Now it is time for me to go and I wave good-bye to you,
It is hard to bear facing you and say farewell with bitter feelings.
Looking at your eyes I could see you holding back the tears.
.........................................................
[Note: Mao Zedong's first poem is so good that it is beyond my ability to
translate it into English. Please help me if you can]
XXXXXXXXX

By wankee

賀新郎 He Xin Lang (Written in 1923)

揮手從茲去.
Hui shou3 cong2 zi qu4.
更那堪淒然相響, 苦情重訴.
Geng na4 kan qi ran2 xiang4 xiang4, ku3 qing2 chong2 su4.
眼角眉梢都似恨, 熱淚欲零還住.
Yan3 jiao3 mei2 shao du si4 hen4, re4 lei4 yu4 ling2 huan2 wang4.
知誤會前翻書語.
Zhi wu4 hui4 qian2 fan shu yu3.
過眼滔滔雲共霧, 算人間知己吾與汝.
Guo4 yan3 tao tao yun2 gong4 wu4, suan4 ren2 jian zhi ji3 wu2 yu4 ru3.
人有病, 天知否?
Ren2 you3 bing4, tian zhi fou3?

今朝霜重東門路,
Jin zhao shuang Zhong4 dong men2 lu4,
照橫塘半天殘月, 淒清如許.
Zhao4 heng2 tang2 ban4 tian can2 yue4, qi qing ru2 xu3.
汽笛一聲腸已斷,從此天涯孤旅.
Qi4 di2 yi sheng chang2 yi3 duan4, cong2 ci3 tian ya2 gu lu3.
憑割斷愁思恨縷.
Ping2 ge duan4 chou2 si hen4 lu3.
要似崑崙崩絕壁, 又恰像颱風掃環宇.
Yao si4 Kunlun beng jue2 bi4, You4 qia2 xiang4 Taifeng sao3 Huanyu.
重比翼, 和雲翥 (者on top of 羽) = zhu4
Zhong4 bi3 yi4, he2 yun2 zhu4@@@@@@@@@


Goodbye I have to go
It will be miserable for both and this I declare with a heavy heart
From corner of the eyes and eyebrows, it looks like hatred, but I hope there
will be no hot tears
Mistakes realised can overturn wisdom words of the books.
What goes through the eyes are mere clouds and fog, all knows I am yours
Man has illness, heaven has denial

( Chung, up to here it looks like from the Engelberg Humperdick song, .......
.....Release Me.)l
----------------------------------------------


In 1912, Mao Zedong entered the First Normal School in Changsha, Huanan
province. He graduated and obtained his degree in 1918. He accompanied some
of the Hunan students to Beijing. These students were on their way to France
to work and study (工讀). He borrowed money to travel to Beijing and he
had no money when when he arrived in the ancient city. He desperately needed
a job. He went to see his former ethnics teacher at the First Normal School,
Yang Changji (楊昌濟) who had become a Professor at Beijing National University.
Professor Yang found a job as an assistant librarian in the University
for him. of Beijing. He told Edgar Snow in Yanan, in 1936:

"And here also I met and fell in love with Yang Kaihui (楊開慧). She was
the daughter of my former ethics teacher, Yang Changchi (楊昌濟), who had
made a great impression on me in my youth, and who afterwards was a genuine
friend in Peking"

The following year Mao Zedong returned to Changsha . In early 1921 he married
Yang Kaihui. In winter 1921 they moved into a cottage in Hengtang (橫塘:
東門小吳門外清水塘). Mao Zedong also used this cottage as the Office of
the Hunan Branch of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Their first son,
Anying (岸英) was born in this cottage. The Mao family lived there until
April 1923 when the Military Governor of Hunan province, Zhao Hengti (趙
恆惕), issued a warrant to arrest Mao Zedong for being an extremist "過激
派".

Mao Zedong left the family behind for Wuhan and then to Shanghai. He then
went to Guangzhou city in Guangdong province to attend the CCP 3rd Congress
in June.
In the autumn of 1924, he returned to Hunan province to establish Peasants
Associations in the province.

The above poem was written to say goodbye to his wife, Yang Kaihui (楊開
慧).

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By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   07-31-11 04:37


Of the great leaders of the world, only Mao Zedong was a poet. This one
was written in autumn 1925 when he said goodbye to his beloved city Changsha
(長沙).

http://yn.chung.id.au/ChangSha.1.jpg

http://yn.chung.id.au/ChangSha.2.jpg

http://yn.chung.id.au/ChangSha.3.jpg


長沙 Changsha (written in Autumn 1925)

獨立寒秋,----------------Du2 li4 han2 qiu,
湘江北去,----------------Xiangjiang bei3 qu4
橘子洲頭.----------------Ju2 zi zhou tou2,
看萬山紅遍,-------------Kan wan4 shan hong2 bian4,
層林盡染;-----------------Ceng2 lin2 jin4 ran3,
漫江碧透,-----------------Man4 jiang bi4 tou4,
百舸爭流.-----------------Bai3 ge2 zheng liu2,
鷹擊長空,-----------------Ying ji chang2 kong,
魚翔淺底,-----------------Yu2 xiang2 qian3 di3,
萬物霜天競自由.------Wan4 wu4 shuang tian jing zi4 you2.
悵寥廓,--------------------Chang4 liao2 kuo4,
問蒼天大地,-------------Wen4 cang tian da4 di,
誰主浮沉.-----------------Shui2 zhu3 fu2 chen2

攜來百侶曾游,----------Xie2 lai2 bai3 lu3 zeng you2,
憶往昔崢嶸歲月稠.---Yi4 wang3 xi zheng rong2 sui4 yue4 chou2.
恰同學少年,--------------Qia2 tong2 xue2 shao4 nian2,
風華正茂;------------------Feng hua2 zheng4 mao4;
書生意氣,------------------Shu sheng yi4 qi4
揮斥方遒.------------------Hui chi4 fang qiu2
指點江山,------------------Zhi3 dian3 jiang shan,
激揚文化,------------------Ji2 yang2 wen2 hua4,
糞士當年萬戶侯.-------Fen4 tu3 dang nian2 wan2 hu4 hou2.
曾記否,---------------------Zeng ji4 fou3
到中流擊水,--------------Dao4 zhong liu2 ji shui3,
浪遏飛舟.------------------Lang4 e4 fei zhou.

Changsha

Alone, standing in autumn's chill
As the Xiang River
Flows north past Orange Island[1A],
I see the red-stained thousand hills
With crimson forests trooping.
On the lucid blue water a hundred barges sail,
Eagles fly above,
Fish glide in the deeps,
Under the unmoving sky, all living things strive for freedom.
I ponder, and ask the boundless earth
Who maters destiny?

In past years
I walked here with many companions,
Friends of crowded years and months of endeavor,
All of us students, all of us young,
In high assurance, strong and fearless,
Pointing the finger at all things,
Praising and condemning in our writings,
The highest in the land we counted no more than dust.
But do you remember?
How, reaching midstream, we struck the waters,
And the waves dashed against our speeding boats?

Source:
Mao Tsetung poems.
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976.

This is how Dr. Han Suyin, the world renowned writer, interprets this poem
in her book, "The Morning Deluge"
I quote:
"Changsha - Nothing is more beautiful to a Hunanese than the landscape of
the Xiang River in autumn, when the hills are russet and gold, and Orange
Grove island, opposite Changsha city, glows like a gold nugget in the sunset.
.......
The Revolution seemed very near, Mao stood, staring at the water. The Revolution
would go forward, but there would be obstacles to its progress.

There is no rapture, only sober purpose in this poem. Mao Zedong was perhaps
saying farewell to his own youth. As he slipped on foot across the hills,
autumn harvest was being reaped. Soon, armies would be trampling the winter
fields."

(題解 The explanation)

In 1912, at the age of 19, Mao Zedong entered the Hunan Provincial Normal
School (湖南第一師範學校). He graduated and obtained his degree in 1918
when he was 25 years old. His father, Mao Rensheng (毛仁生), a middle peasant,
was a very generous man who was willing to support his eldest son to study
all these years.

In 1918, also the year that his mother died. Mao Zedong and his school mates,
Xiao Yu (蕭瑜), Cai Hesen (蔡和森) and others organized an association
in the school. The Association was called Xin Min Association (新民會).
From then on, began the political activities of Mao Zedong

In Autumn 1925, again, Zhao Hengti (趙恆惕), the Military Governor of Hunan
province issued a warrant to arrest Mao Zedong for being an "extremist 過
激份子". He had to leave behind his wife Yang Kaihui (楊開慧), and their
two sons, Anying (岸英) and Anjing (岸菁). Before he left Changsha for the
city of Guangzhou (廣州), Mao Zedong stood on a high ground and stared at
the Xiang River for a long time as if he was saying goodbye to the river.
Then he wrote this poem.

http://yn.chung.id.au/Yang.Kaihui&Sons.jpg


Note:
[1A]
橘子洲頭 (Orange Island). The actual name is 水陸洲 (Shii Lu Zhou)
is in the middle of Xiang River (湘江). Please refer to the map.

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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   07-31-11 06:09


毛澤東詩

(03)
黃鶴樓 The Pavilion of the Yellow Crane
Written in Spring 1927

茫茫九派流中國,---Mang2 mang2 jiu3 pai4 liu2 Zhongguo(*1),
沉沉一線穿南北.---Chen2 chen2 yi xian4 chuan nan2 bei3(*2).
煙雨莽蒼蒼,----------Yan yu3 mang3 cang cang,
龜蛇銷大江.----------Gui she2 xiao da4 jiang(*3).

黃鶴知何去?--------Huang2 he4 zhi he2 qu4?
剩有遊人處.---------Sheng4 you3 you2 ren2 chu3.
把酒酹滔滔,---------Ba3 jiu3 lei tao tao,
心潮逐浪高!---------Xin chao2 zhu2 lang4 gao!

Wide, wide flow the nine streams through the land,
Dark, dark threads the line from south to north.
Blurred in the thick haze of the misty rain,
Tortoise and Snake hold the great river locked.

The yellow crane is gone, who knows whither?
Only this tower remains a haunt for visitors.
I pledge my wine to the surging torrent,
The tide of my heart swells with waves.

Source:
Mao Tsetung poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976

(*1) 九派 jiu3 pai4
There are many tributaries from the provinces of Hunan(湖南) and Hubei(湖
北) flow into the Yangtze River(長江) that flows through China,

(*2) 一線 yi xian4
The railway lines from Beijing(北京) to Wuhan(武漢) and then to Guangdong(廣
東) are like a straight line that cuts through China.

(*3) 大江 da4 jiang
Changjiang (長江 or the Yangtze River)

The background of the poem

http://yn.chung.id.au/CCP&KMT-1stCooperation.jpg


[The names in red squares are the Communists]

In May 1921, Dr. Sun Yat-sen became the President of the Guangdong Government.
The Chinese Communist Party was founded in July 1921. In January 1924 the
Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) and the Chinese Communist Party formed a
United Front. A military academy called Whampoa Military Academy (黃埔軍校
) was established. Dr Sun Yat-sen directed Chiang Kaishek, who just returned
from Russia after three months tour, to be the Principal the the Military
Academy. Dr Sun Yat-sen died in Peking on 12 March 1925. On 30th May 1925
general strikes in Shanghai spread to other cities. In July 1926, the Northern
Expedition against the Warlords began under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.
With the help of the Soviet Russian adviser Borodin Chiang Kai-shek's power
grew. The Kuomintang and the Communists launched the final stages of the
"Northern March" against the Warlords.

However, in July 1927, Chiang Kaishek betrayed the revolution and unleashed
the "White Terror" against the Communists. On 11th July 1927, the Northern
Expeditionary Army under the command of Chiang Kaishek began to disarm the
weapons of the revolutionary workers in Shanghai. The next day morning,
members of the gangs of the Green and Red Societies, wearing white armbands
bearing the Chinese character Gong (工), began to slaughter the revolutionary
workers. Zhou Enlai (周恩來 the future Premier of China), was the vice commander
of revolutionary workers. He was lucky and he escaped during the turmoil.

On 21st May 1927, the generals of the Kuomintang (國民黨) army, General
He Jian (何鍵) and Xu Kexiang (許克祥) began to arrest and kill the Communists
in Changsha. The Communists in Changsha canceled their plan of 100,000 peasant
army to attack Changsha.

At that time, Mao Zedong was in Wuhan (武漢) giving lectures at the Wuhan
branch of the Peasant Movement Training Institute. He was the head of the
branch. On 27th April of that year, at the 5th Congress of the CCP Mao Zedong
proposed to speed up the struggle of land reform, but without conclusion.

In order to prepare for any certain change of political events, Mao Zedong
sent his wife and their three children back to Hunan province. As Mao had
expected, on the 15th of July, Wang Jingwei (汪精衛), who was the head of
the leftist Kuomintang, declared, "To clean up the party 清黨 - meaning
to purge the Communists". That was the end of the United Front.

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By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
Reply To This Message
 
 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   07-31-11 07:25

(04)
Autumn Harvest Uprising 秋收起義
Written in September 1927

http://yn.chung.id.au/AutumnHarvestUprising.jpg


http://yn.chung.id.au/The1stRedBase.jpg


秋收起義 Qiu Shou Qi3 Yi4

軍叫工農革命,------Jun jiao4 gong nong2 ge2 ming4,
旗號鐮刀斧頭.------Qi2 hao2 lian2 dao fu3 tou2,
匡廬一帶不停留,---Kuang Lu yi dai4 bu4 ting2 liu2,
要向瀟湘直進.------Yao xiang4 Xiao Xiang zhi2 jin4.

地主重重壓迫,-------Di4 zhu3 chong2 chong2 ya po4,
農民個個同仇,-------Nong2 min2 ge2 ge2 tong2 chou2.
秋收時節暮雲愁,---Qiu shou shi2 jie2 mu4 yun2 chou2,
霹靂一聲暴動.-------Pi li4 yi sheng bao4 dong4.

The army(*1A) called the workers and peasants for revolution,
The flag of sickle and axe(*2B) had been hoisted.
We would not stop in the Kuanglu(*3C) area,
But straight to Xiaoxiang(*4D(.

The peasants were being fleeced right and left by the landlords,
Who had become the enemies of all the peasants.
It was cloudy towards the end of the season for autumn harvesting,
Suddenly, a sound of thunderbolt it was an uprising.

Notes:
(*1A) In 1927, the Kuomintang (國民黨) called their army National Revolutionary
Army (國民革命軍), whereas the Communists called their army Workers and
Peasants revolutionary Army (工農革命軍). In May, 1928 the Communists changed
the name of their army to the Red Army (紅軍).

(*2B) In 1933, the Communists changed their flag from sickle and axe (鐮
刀斧頭) to sickle and hammer (鐮刀錘子). Later, again, it was changed to
Bayi (八一 or August 1st after the Nanchang Uprising 南昌起義 on that night
in 1927.). Since then it had become their official army flag. The CCP adopted
August 1st as the "Founding Day of the People's Liberation Army". During
the Japanese occupation the Red Army was renamed "The 8th Route Army 八路
軍". Their soldiers put up their thumbs and the second fingers upside down
to show the Ba (八) sign meaning the 8th Route Army.

(*3C) Kuanglu (匡廬)
The original name of Kuanglu was Xiutong (修銅) which referred to the counties
of Xiushui (修水) and Tonggu (銅鼓) in Jiangxi province (江西省).

(*4D) Xiaoxiang (瀟湘)
The original name of Xiaoxiang was Pingliu (平瀏) which referred to the
counties of Pingjiang (平江) and Liuyang (瀏陽) in Hunan province (湖南省
).

The background of the poem

On August 7, 1927, the Communist International ordered the Chinese Communist
Party (CCP) to convene an emergency meeting in Wuhan (武漢) in Hubei province
(湖北省). In the meeting Chen Duxiu (陳獨修) was being criticized as the
Right Opportunist (右傾機會主義者). Ju Qiubai (瞿秋白) was elected the new
leader to lead the CCP. Ju Qiubai called on all the CCP branches to prepare
for uprising. For this Ju Qiubai was regarded in the CCP history as the
Left Opportunist (左傾機會主義者). Mao Zedong attended the meeting. After
the meeting the Central Committee dispatched him to Hunan province to organize
the Autumn Harvest Uprising.

On September 9, 1927, the regiment of the police force stationed in Xiushui
(修水), whose commander was Lu Deming (盧德銘), a Communist, the coal mine
workers at Anyuan Coal Mine (安源煤礦場), the peasant volunteers from Pingjiang
(平江) and Liuyang (瀏陽), together, they staged the Autumn Harvest Uprising.
At that time Mao Zedong was at Tonggu (銅鼓) directing the peasant volunteers
from Pingjiang and Liuyang. The plan was to attack and overrun Pingjiang
and Liuyang and then to attack Changsha (長沙) from the north and south.
Please refer to the map of Hunan province:

However, the peasant volunteers failed to take Pingjiang and Liuyang. They
retreated and arrived at Wenjiashi (文家市) in Liuyang. Mao Zedong persuaded
the volunteers to withdrew to Pingxiang (萍鄉) in Jiangxi province (江西
省). In October, with the remnant of about 800 men and 80 old rifles, Mao
Zedong led the volunteers and climbed the Jinggangshan (井岡山).

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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   07-31-11 08:30



(05)
井岡山 JingGangShan(*1A)
Written in Autumn 1928.

http://yn.chung.id.au/JingGangShan.jpg


山下旌旗在望,------Shan xia4 jing qi2 zai4 wang4,
山頭鼓角相聞.------Shan tou2 gu3 jiao4 xiang wen2.
敵軍圍困萬千重,---Di2 jun wei2 kun4 wan4 qian chong2,
我自巋然不動.------Wo3 zi4 kui ran2 bu4 dong4.

早已森嚴壁壘,------Zao3 yi3 sen yan2 bi4 lei3,
更加眾志成城.------Geng jia zhong4 zhi4 cheng2 cheng2.
黃洋界上炮聲隆,---Huangyangjie shang4 bao sheng long2,
報導敵軍宵遁.------Bao4 dao3 di2 jun xiao dun4.

Our banners and flags are visible at the mountain foot,
On the mountain top sound our drums and bungles.
Thousands of enemies are besieging us,
Steadfastly we stand our ground.

We have already strongly fortified our fortress,
The unity of our wills is an impregnable stronghold.
From HuangYangJie(*2B) comes the thunder of guns,
It is reported that the enemies have fled.

The background of the poem.

On September 9, 1927, Mao Zedong led a group of peasants and staged an uprising
called the Autumn Harvest Uprising (秋收暴動) in Hunan province (湖南省).
The insurrection failed miserably. In October 1927, Mao Zedong congregated
the remnants of the uprising of about 800 men and 80 old rifles. They climbed
the JingGangShan (井崗山) with the goal of establishing a revolutionary
base in the mountains (please see the poem "Autumn Harvest Uprising").

(*1A) 井岡山 JingGangShan
JingGangShan is a massive mountain range, lying between the two provinces
of Jiangxi (江西省) and Hunan (湖南省).

At that time, there were only five villages in this region of 900 square
kilometers. All the families were Hakka People (客家人) whose forefathers
had come from the north several hundred years ago.The total population in
JingGangShan was less than 2,000 and they were so poor that only a few of
them had more than a pair of trousers. They made fire by striking stones.
The red earth in JingGangShan was so hard that hardly any crops grew in this
desolated area. The Hakka men were mostly porters and farm hands in the plains
below. Mao Zedong managed to win over two groups of about 600 armed Hakkas
in this area. The Hakkas in JingGangShan helped Mao Zedong to realize his
goal.

(*2B) HuangYangJie 黃洋界
HuangYangJie is the name of one of the five passes to JingGangShan. The
other four passes are: BaMianShan (八面山), ShuangMaShi (雙馬石), ZhuShaChong
(朱沙沖) and TongMuLing (桐木嶺).

In late August 1928, the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
(CCP) of Hunan province specially dispatched Du Xiujing (杜修經) to see
Mao Zedong and ordering him to lead the No.28 and No.29 Regiments of the
Red Army to bound for GuiDong (桂東) in southern Huanan province. Knowing
that the main force of the Red Army had left JingGangShan the Kuomintang
(KMT 國民黨) Army attacked JingGangShan. In the morning of August 30th,
1928, four regiments of KMT forces from the provinces of Jiangxi and Hunan
launched an attack on HuangYangJie (黃洋界).

At that time, there were only two companies of the No.31st regiment left
at the base. By the afternoon the ammunition of the Red Army was about to
be exhausted. In desperation, a group of red soldiers carried an old and
rusty bazooka with three shells. The red soldiers fired their bazooka at
the KMT troops. The first shot was an empty shell with sound only. They
fired the second shot and it was also an empty shell producing only sound.
They fired the last shell. The third shot was a real shell and by coincident
the shell landed on the commanding post of the KMT. Then it was all quiet.
The red soldiers did not fire their guns as they were about to run out of
ammunition. They waited and waited from the assault from the KMT. But it
never came because the KMT had withdrawn that evening thinking that the main
force of the Red Army had returned. According to their record only the No.28
Regiment of the Red Army had one or two bazookas.

When he returned to JingGangShan Mao Zedong was so happy that he wrote this
poem to celebrate the victory.

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(06)
蔣桂戰爭
The War Between Jiang and Gui
Written in Autumn 1929

風雲突變,--------------Feng yun2 tu bian4
軍閥重開戰.----------Jun fa2 chong2 kai zhan4.
灑向人間都是怨,---Sa3 xiang4 ren2 jian du shi4 yuan4
一枕黃梁再現.-------Yi zhen3 huang2 liang2 zai4 xian4

紅旗躍過汀江,------Hong2 qi2 yue4 guo4 Tingjiang,
直下龍岩上杭.------Zhi2 xia4 Longyan Shanghang.
收拾金甌一片.------Shou shi2 jin ou yi pian
分田分地真忙.------Fen tian2 fen di4 zhen mang2.

There is a sudden change in the situation,
Again, war breaks out among the Warlords.
And the people hate it,
As it is the reappearance of the Millet Dream(*1A).

The red flags leap over Tingjiang,
And straight to Longyan and Shanghang.
We have reclaimed a part of the land[(*2B).
And we are busying dividing the land.
...............................................................

The background of the poem

In the spring of 1928, Deng Zihui (鄧子恢) staged an uprising in his hometown,
Longyan (龍岩), where he was born in 1893. Later he became a guerrilla
leader under Zhu De (朱德), the commander-in-chief of the Red Army. In February
1929 war broke out between Chiang Kai-shek and the Warlords, Li Zongren
(李宗仁) and Bai Chongxi (白崇禧) of Guangxi province (廣西省). The war
was a struggle for the control of the two provinces of Hunan (湖南省) and
Hunei (湖北省). The war waged on for two months until April when the Warlords
pulled out from Wuhan (武漢) in Hubei province and retreated to their home
base in Guangxi province.

In May, 1929, Deng Zihui wrote to Mao Zedong that the Kuomintang (國民黨
) army in the west of Fujian province (西福建省) had been transferred to
Guangdong province (廣東省) to fight the Warlords of Guangxi province and
there was a vacuum of military power in his hometown and the surrounding
region. In respond to Deng Zihui, in the end of May, Mao Zedong led his
troops marched through Tingjiang (汀江) and occupied Longyan (龍岩) and
Shanghang (上杭).

(*1A)
黃梁美夢 (A beautiful millet dream)

It is a parable from the novel 枕中記 (Zhen Zhong Ji or The Pillow) written
by Shen Ji Ji (沈既濟) who lived during the Tang Dynasty (唐 朝 618AD to
907AD).

There lived a scholar by the name of Lu Sheng (盧生) who was poor and unemployed.
Being unemployed and poor, Lu Sheng was disappointed in life and was much
dispirited. He often sighed under the burden of his problems.

Once he stayed at an inn in the city of Handan (邯鄲 present day Han Dan
city in Hebei province 河北省). An old monk occupying the next room repeatedly
heard Lu Sheng verbally despairing about his life. The monk went over and
talked to Lu Sheng who related his life of despair and hopelessness. He
gave Lu Sheng a ceramic pillow to rest his head when he went to bed that
night.

It was still daylight and in the inn's kitchen the innkeeper was cooking
yellow millet. Curious about what it could do, Lu Sheng laid in bed with
his head on the ceramic pillow. Before long he fell asleep.

Lu Sheng then had the sweetest dream. He arrived in an unrecognized country
and married a beautiful girl by the surname of Cui (崔). He passed the Imperial
Examinations and became a 進士 (Jin Shi or Imperial Graduate). He was appointed
an official and led a comfortable life. He was later blessed with five sons
who were extraordinarily gifted. Eventually he was appointed the Prime Minister.
He lived till the ripe old age of eighty. He was survived by many descendants.


Lu Sheng woke up to see the monk standing next to his bed and became aware
that the innkeeper was still cooking the yellow millet as dusk approached.
He realized that he had just had a dream. He had been a prosperous man for
fifty years with many offspring. Now he was back to being a dejected scholar.
He concluded that rich or poor after all was just like a short dream.

(*2B)
金甌 Jin Ou

During the period of North and South Dynasties (南北朝 420AD to 589AD),
Emperor Wu Xiao Yan (梁武帝蕭衍 502AD to 549AD) referred 金甌 (Jin Ou) as
the land of his country the Liang Kingdom (梁王朝 502AD to 557AD)

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(07)
重陽 ChongYang
Written in October 1929

人生易老天難老.---Ren2 sheng yi4 lao3 tian nan2 lao3.
歲歲重陽,--------------Sui4 sui4 Chongyang,
今又重陽.--------------Jin you4 Chongyang.
戰地黃花份外香.---Zhan4 di4 huang2 hua fen4 wai4 xiang.

一年一度秋風勁,---Yi nian2 yi du4 qiu feng jing4.
不似春光,--------------Bu4 si4 chun guang,
勝似春光.--------------Sheng4 si4 chun guang.
寥廓江天萬里霜.---Liao2 kuo4 jiang tian wan4 li3 shuang.

Men can grow old but not the sky.
The Double Nine Festival occurs every year,
Today is the Festival of Double Nine.
The yellow flowers growing in the battlefields are more fragrant.

Once a year the autumn wind blows strongly.
It is not like the spring time,
But now it is better than the spring time.
There are frosts in the boundless sky.

The background of the poem

The festival of Double Nine (重陽 Chong Yang) occurs every year on the 9th
day of the 9th month in the Lunar Calendar. It occurred on October 11, in
1929 in the Solar Calendar when Mao Zedong wrote this poem.

On June 22, 1929, in the 7th Congress meeting of the 4th Red Army at Longyan
(龍岩) in west Fujian province (福建省), Mao Zedong was being criticized
for practicing the "Patriarchal System 家長制" by Zhe De (朱德) and Chen
Yi (陳毅). In the election Mao Zedong was not elected as the Secretary of
the Military Committee.

He left the 4th Red Army and went to work in Shanghang (上杭), where he
had a severe attack of malaria and he nearly died of it. He was sick for
five months and began to recover in November 1929. In September 1929 Zhou
Enlai (周恩來) had taken charge of the Central Committee of the Chinese
Communist Party in Shanghai (上海). Knowing that Mao Zedong was not a member
in the Military Committee of the 4th Red Army Zhou Enlai wrote and directed
the 4th Red Army to reinstate Mao Zedong as the Secretary of the Military
Committee of the 4th Red Army. On November 26, 1929, Mao Zedong was reinstated
as the Secretary of the Military Committee according to the directive of
the " September Letter".

http://yn.chung.id.au/DoubleNine.jpg

This poem was written when he was a malaria sufferer. This was how he felt
about life while he was lying on bed.

CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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No.8. 元旦 New Year
Written in January 1930

寧化, 清流, 歸化,---Ninghua, Qingliu, Guihua,
路隘林深苔滑!-----Lu4 ai4 lin2 shen tai2 hua2!
今日向何方?-------Jin ri4 xiang4 he2 fang?
直指武夷山下,----Zhi2 zhi3 Wuyishan xia4,
山下山下,-----------Shan xia4 shan xia4,
風展紅旗如畫.---Feng zhan3 hong2 qi2 ru2 hua4.

Ninghua, Qingliu, Guihua,
The paths are narrow with slippery moss in the deep woods!
From today where shall we go?
We go straight to the foot of Wuyi Mountain.
To the foot of Wuyi mountain, to the foot of Wuyi mountain,
The red flags are fluttering in the wind like painting.

Having recovered from a bout of malaria and was reinstated as the Secretary
of the 4th Red Army, Mao Zedong convened a meeting at Gutian (古田) on December
28, 1929.

In his speech, 50 pages long, Mao Zedong criticized Zhu De (朱德) who was
the commander-in- chief of the Red Army. Gutian village (古田村) is in Shanghang
county (上杭縣) in Fujian province (福建省).

http://yn.chung.id.au/GuTianVillage.jpg


[the photo is from the book by General Gong Chu]

The meeting lasted until December 30, 1929. On New Year day, in 1930, Mao
Zedong was in good mood and very happy because the people in the region
supported him. To celebrate the New Year, he wrote this poem.

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No.9. 廣昌路上 On Guangchang road
Written in February 1930

http://yn.chung.id.au/GuangChang&JiAn.jpg


[H = Hakka areas. The soviet capital is 瑞金 marked in 2 circles
From 廣昌 to 吉安 marked in pencil arrows >>>)


漫天皆白,--------------Man4 tian jie bai2,
雪裡行軍情更迫.---Xue3 li3 xing2 jun qing2 geng po4.
頭上高山,--------------Tou2 shang4 gao shan,
風捲紅旗過大關.---Feng juan3 hong2 qi2 guo4 da4 guan.

此行何去?------------Ci3 xing2 he2 qu4?
贛江風雪迷漫處.--Ganjiang feng xue3 mi2 man4 chu3.
命令昨領,--------------Ming4 ling4 zuo2 ling3,
十萬工農下吉安.---Shi2 wan4 gong nong2 xia4 Jian.

It is white al over the sky,
Eagerly we march through the snow
Above our heads are the crags,
The red flags fluttering in the wind, we cross the big pass.

Where are we going?
To the snow-covered Gan River (贛江).
Yesterday we received the order,
That one hundred thousand of workers and peasants are marching to Jian.,

The background of the poem

On February 7, 1930, the committee members of the Red Army and the local
Communist Party convened several meetings. It was decided that the revolution
should score its first victory in the whole of Jiangxi province (江西省).
Militarily, the army should occupy the city of Jian (吉安). After the occupation
the party should declare the formation of a Soviet Government (蘇維埃政府
). So far the Red Army had never occupied any big county city before.

In mid-February Mao Zedong led the Red Army from Guangchang (廣昌) and marched
towards Jian. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Kuomintang army to draw close
to Jian. Due to the movement of the Kuomintang Army getting closer to Jian,
the Red Army gave up marching to Jian and returned to the south of Jiangxi
province.

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(10)
從汀州向長沙
From Tingzhou(*1A) towards Changsha
Written in July 1930

六月天兵征腐惡,----------Liu4 yue4 tian bing zheng fu3 e4,
萬丈長纓要把鯤鵬縛.---Wan4 zhang4 chang2 ying yao ba4 kun peng2 fu4.
贛水那邊紅一角,----------Ganshui na4 bian hong2 yi jiao3,
偏師借重黃公略.----------Pian shi jie4 zhong4 Huanggongluo.

百萬工農齊踴躍,----------Bai3 wan4 gong nong2 qi2 yong3 yue4
席捲江西直搗湘和鄂.---Xi juan3 Jiangxi zhi2 dao3 Xiang he2 E
國際悲歌歌一曲,----------Guo2 ji4 bei ge ge yi qu3,
狂飆為我從天落.-------Kuang2 biao wei2 wo3 cong2 tian luo4

In June Heaven's armies chastise the corrupt and evil,
Seeking to bind roc and whale with a league-long cord.
Red glows the far side of the Gan,
Thanks to our wing under Huang Gonglue(*2B).

A million workers and peasants rise up,
Sweeping Jiangxi towards Hunan and Hubei.
To the Internationale's stirring strains,
A wild whirlwind swoops from the sky.

Source:
Mao Tsetung poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976

(*!A) 汀州 Tingzhou
Tingzhou, an ancient name, is the cradle of the Hakka Chinese in Fujian
province (汀州是福建的客家搖籃). It is in the present day county of ChangTing
(長汀縣) in the west of Fujian province (福建省).

(*2B) 黃公略 Huang Gonglue
In 1928, Huang Gonglue led an uprising in Pingjiang county (平江縣) in Hunan
province (湖南省). In 1930, he became the commander of the Third Red Army
of a Red Base in west Fujian province. He was killed in October 1931 in
the battle fought in Jian (吉安) in Jiangxi province (江西省).

The background of the poem

In March 1930, Zhou Enlai (周恩來) went to Moscow to attend the 16th Congress
of the Communist Party of Soviet Union. Li Lisan (李立三) was the Acting
Leader of the Executive Central Committee (ECC) of the Chinese Communist
Party (CCP) in Shanghai. As the leader of the CCP, Li Lisan sent Tu Zhen
(涂震) as the special representative of the ECC to Tingzhou (汀州) in west
Fujian province to attend the Nanyang Meeting (南陽會議). Tu Zhen, representing
the ECC ordered the Red Army to capture Nanchang (南昌in Jiangxi province
江西省) and Changsha (長沙 in Hunan province 湖南省) while Chiang Kai-shek
(江介石) was busy fighting the Warlords of Feng Yuxiang (馮玉祥) and Yan
Xishan (閻錫山).

In the meeting, it was decided that the Chairman of the Military Executive
Committee of the Red Army should be responsible for the attack. Mao Zedong
was the Chairman and therefore he should led the attack.

Mao Zedong led the First Red Army to attack Nanchang but failed. Peng Dehuai
(彭德懷) led the Third Red Armt to attack Changsha on July 28. The attack
went on for 11 days until Chiang Kai-shek's General He Jian (何鍵), the
Kuomintang Army commander of Hunan province, repulsed the Communists attacked.
Peng Dehuai retreated.

Mao Zedong led his army and marched to Changsha to join up with Peng Dehuai.
On September 10, the two Communist armies joined forces and attacked Changsha.
The Communists suffered heavy loses. On September 13 Mao Zedong ordered
a retreat and gave up attacking Changsha.

Once the Communists left Changsha, General He Jian arrested Mao Zedong's
wife, Yang Kaihui (楊開慧) and his younger sister Mao Zehong (毛澤紅). However,
the peasants hid Mao Zedong's three sons whom He Jian also wanted to arrest
them. No one in Changsha could save the lives of Yang Kaihui and Mao Zehong.
They were subsequently executed on September 14, 1930. (Note: 20 years later,
on the 11th of May 1957, Mao Zedong wrote a poem about his beloved wife
Yang Kaihui).

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(11).
反第一次大 "圍剿"
Against the First Encirclement
Written in spring 1931

萬木霜天紅爛漫---Wan4 mu4 shuang tian hong2 lan4 man4,
天兵怒氣衝宵漢.---Tian bing nu4 qi3 chong4 xiao han4.
霧滿龍岡千嶂暗.---Wu4 man3 long2 gang qian zhang an4.
齊聲喚:-----------------Qi2 sheng huan4:
前頭捉了張輝讚.---Qian2 tou2 zhuo le Zhang Huizanzan.

二十萬軍重入贛,---Er4 shi2 wan4 jun chong2 ru4 Gan,
風煙滾滾來天半.---Feng yan gun3 gun3 lai2 tian ban4.
喚起工農千百萬,---Huan4 qi3 gong nong2 qian bai3 wan4
同心干,-----------------Tong2 xin gan,
不周山下紅旗亂.---Bu Zhou shan xia4 hong2 qi2 luan4.

Forests blaze red beneath the frosty sky,
The wrath of Heaven's armies soars to the cloud.
Mist veils Longgang, its thousands peaks blurred.
All cry out in unison:
Our van has taken Zhang Huizan!(*1A)

The enemy returns to Jiangxi two hundred thousand strong,
Fumes billowing in the wind in mid-sky.
Workers and peasants are wakened in their million
To fight as one man.
Under the riot of red flags round the foot of Buzhou Mountain.

Source:
Mao Tsetung poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976

(*1A) 張輝瓚 Zhang Huizan
He was the commander in charge of the Anti-Communist Campaign in Jiangxi
province and was also the commander of the 18th Division of the Kuomintang
Army. During the First "Encirclement " Campaign against the Soviet Chinese
Government he was captured by the Communists who beheaded him and put his
head inside a little wooden box and threw into the Gan River (贛江).

The background of the poem

On the 5th of August 1930, Chiang Kai-shen appointed He Yingqin (何應欽)
the commander-in-chief of the armed forces to suppress for the three provinces
of Hunan (湖南省), Hubei (湖北省) and Jiangxi (江西省).

On the 7th of October, Chiang Kai-shek defeated the two Warlords of Feng
Yuxiang (馮玉祥) and Yan Xishan (閻錫山).

In December 1930, Chiang Kai-shek (蔣介石) launched the first campaign against
the Chinese Soviet Government with a force of more than 100,000 against
the Communists of about 40,000. The commander-in-chief was of these forces
was He Yingqin. The vanguard of the Kuomintang forces of 10,000 was under
the commander of Zhang Huizan (張輝瓚) who was followed by Tan Daoyuan (譚
道源) who was commanding 20,000 men. The rest were commanded by other Kuomintang
generals.

With lighting speed Zhang Huizan occupied Longgang (龍岡). It was a trap.
In the first assault Mao Zedong led his forces and attacked Zhan Huizan's
headquarters and captured the entire two brigades of 9,000 men including
Zhang Huizan himself. He was later trial by the peasants and was beheaded.
His head was put inside a little wooden box and threw into the Gan River
(贛江).

On hearing that the Communists had wiped out the entire forces under the
command of Zhang Huizan, Tan Daoyuan withdrew. Mao Zedong would not let
them go away easily. He ordered his forces to chase and attack Tan Daoyuan'
men. They annihilated another 10,000 men. The First "Encirclement" Campaign
was over. The time was January 1931. The Red Army captured an airple and
their first radio set.

http://yn.chung.id.au/First.CapturedAirplane.jpg


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(12)
反第二次大 "圍剿"
Against the Second Encirclement
Written in summer 1931

白雲山頭雲欲立,---Bai2 yun2 shan tou2 yun2 yu4 li4,
白雲山下呼聲急,---Bai2 Yun2 Shan(*1A) xia4 hu sheng ji2,
枯木朽株齊努力.---Ku mu4 xiu3 zhu qi2 nu3 li4.
槍林逼,-----------------Qiang lin2 bi
飛將軍自重宵入.---Fei Jiang Jun(*2B) zi4 chong2 xiao ru4.

七百里驅十五日,---Qi bai3 li3 qu shi2 wu3 ri4,
贛水蒼茫閩山碧,---Gan shui3 cang mang2 Min shan bi4,
橫掃千軍如卷席.---Heng2 sao3 qian jun ru2 juan3 xi2.
有人泣,-----------------You3 ren qi4,
為營步步嗟何及! --Wei2 ying2 bu4 bu4 jie he2 ji2!

The very clouds foams atop White Cloud Mountain,
At its base the roar of battle quicken.
Withered trees and rotten stumps join in the fray.
A forest of rifles presses,
As the flying General descents from the skies.

In fifteen days we have marched seven hundred li
Cross misty Gan(贛) waters and green Fujian(福建) hills,
Rolling back the enemy as we would a mat.
A voice is heard wailing;
His "Bastion at every step" avail him not!

Source:
Mao Tsetung poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976

(*1A) 白雲山 White Cloud Mountain
This mountain is in the southwest Donggu town (西南東固鎮) of Jian county
(吉安縣) in Kiangxi province (江西省).

(*2B) 飛將軍 the flying General
This refers to chapter 109 in the book "Shi Ji 史記" by Sima Qian (司馬遷
145BC to 86BC). "The Flying General" was the title conferred to General
Li Guang (李廣) by Emperor Wen Liu Heng (文皇帝劉恆179BC to 157BC) for having
defeated the Xiong Nu (匈奴) more than 70 times

The background of the poem

Chiang Kai-shek realized the mistake in the First Encirclement Campaign
by ordering Zhang Huizan (張輝瓚) to attack and occupied Longgang (龍岡)
with lightning speed. It was a trap and the entire 18th division under the
command of General Zhang Huizan (張輝瓚將軍) was captured.

In April 1931, Chiang Kai-shek deployed 200,000 troops and as usual he appointed
He Yingqin (何應欽) as the commander-in-chief to encircle and suppress the
Communists the second time. Chiang Kai-shek changed his method of dealing
with the Communists. He adopted the tactic of "穩扎穩打, 步步為營, 緊縮包
圍 Go ahead steadily, strike sure blows and advance gradually and entrench
oneself at every step and tighten the ring of encirclement."

However, on May 16, the Red Army, under the command of Zhu De (朱德), ambushed
and wiped out the Chiang Kai-shek's 28th Division, under the command of
Gong Bingfan (公秉藩) in Donggu (東固) of Jian county (吉安縣) in Jiangxi
province (江西省). For the next 15 days the Red Army destroyed Chiang Kai-shek'
s Army like chopping the fingers one by one. The Red Army fought five large
battles with Chiang Kai-shek's Army and won five battles from the east to
the west in the region of 700 hundred miles circumference.

The second encirclement and suppression campaign was launched on May 30,
1931 and ended on May 30, 1931. The Red Army captured 20,000 prisoners and
many rifles.

http://yn.chung.id.au/DefectedKuomintangArmy.jpg


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(13)
大柏地 The town of Dabodi
Written in summer 1933

赤橙黃綠青藍紫,---Chi4 cheng2 huang2 lu4 qing lan2 zi3,
誰持彩練當空舞?--Shui2 chi2 cai3 lian4 dang kong4 wu3?
雨後復斜陽,----------Yu3 hou4 fu4 xie2 yang2 (*1A),
關山陣陣蒼.----------Guan shan zhen4 zhen4 cang.

當年鏖戰急,----------Dang nian2 au2 zhan4 ji2,
彈洞前村壁.----------Tan2 dong4 qian2 cun bi4.
裝點此關山,----------zhuang dian3 ci3 guan shan,
今朝更好看.----------Jin zhao geng hao3 kan.

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet,
Who is dancing, waving this coloured ribbon against the sky?
The sun returns slanting after the rain,
And hill and pass grow a deeper blue.

A furious battle once raged here,
The village walls, bullet-scarred.
Now adorn hill and pass,
And make them doubly fair.

Source:
Mao Tsetung Poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976
..........................................................

Da Bo Di ( 大柏地) is located in the north of Ru Jin (瑞金), the capital
of the Chinese Soviet Government, in Jangxi provence (江西省), before the
Long March (長征) in 1945/35.

http://yn.chung.id.au/DaBoDi.jpg


Mao Zedong borrowed the title of this poem from Wen Tingyun (溫庭筠 812AD
to 870AD) a poet who lived during the Tang Dynasty (唐朝 618AD to 907AD).
The poem Mao borrowed was called Pu Sa Man (菩薩蠻).
It was this line:

雨後卻斜陽,---Yu3 hou4 qu2 xie2 yang2 (*1A),
杏花零落香Xing4 hua ling2 luo4 xiang.

After the rain the sun was setting,
The fragrant apricot flowers were dropped everywhere.
..........................................................

In the early of 1929, the two Warlords of the two provinces of Hunan province
(湖南省) and Jiangxi (江西省), He Jian (何鍵) and Lu Diping (魯滌平), respectively,
formed an alliance to launch the Third Suppression of JingGangShan (井岡
山). On the 14th of January 1930, Mao Zedong led the main Red Army forces
to leave JingGangShan with the intention to lure Worlords Armies to leave
JingGangShan alone. However, in Southern Jiangxi the Red Army engagaed in
battles with the Warlords Army. The Red Army were beaten several times.
They were to be in danger of being terminated by the Warlords. Luckily on
the 11th of February, Liu Shiyi (劉士毅) came to Mao Zedong's rescue with
two regiments. Eventually, the combined forces from Mao Zedong and Liu Shiyi
defeated the Warlords Forces who retreated to the place where they came
from. After the army of the Warlords left Southern Jiangxi Mao Zedong began
to establish solid Red Army Bases in the regions of Southern Jiangxi province
and Western Fujian Province.

Mao Zedong wrote to poem to celebrate the victory in Da Bo Di (大柏地).

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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
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Date:   08-03-11 00:28


(14)
會昌 HuiChang
Written in summer 1934

http://yn.chung.id.au/HuiChang.jpg

[HuiChang is in the southwest of RuiJin(瑞金), the capital of the Chinese
Soviet Government (中國蘇維埃政府). In January 1930, the Red Army established
its base in HuiChang. They relocated in HuiChang, Jiangxi province 江西省
from the west of Fujian province 福建省 (閩西)].

東方欲曉,--------------Dong fang yu4 xiao3,
莫道君行早.----------Mo4 dao4 jun xing2 zao3.
踏遍青山人末老,---Ta4 bian4 qing shan ren2 wei4 lao3,
風景這邊獨好.-------Feng jing3 zhe4 bian du2 hao3.

會昌城外高峰,-----Huichang cheng2 wai4 gao feng,
顛連直接東溟.-----Dian lian2 zhi2 jie dong ming2.
戰士指看南粵,-----Zhan4 shi4 zhi3 kan nan2 yue4,
更加鬱鬱蔥蔥.-----Geng jia yu4 yu4 cong cong (*1A).

Soon dawn will break in the east.
Do not say: "You star too early";
Crossing these blue hills adds nothing to one's years,
The landscape here is beyond compare.

Straight from the walls of Huichang ;ofty peaks,
Range after range, extend to the eastern seas.
Our soldiers point southward to Kwangtung
Looming lusher and greener in the distance.

Explanation:
鬱鬱蔥蔥 means = gloomy; melancholy; depressed
The source of this phrase was from
[後漢書﹐光武帝記]
Guang Wu Di said (光武帝 25BC to 57BC):
“氣佳哉﹐鬱鬱蔥蔥”

The background of the poem
Mao Zedong said:
"一九三四年﹐形勢危急﹐準備長征﹐心情又是鬱悶的".
This was how he wrote this poem.
"當時﹐中共和紅軍由博古﹐周恩來和李德(德國人)[*1A] ”三人團“領導。
毛澤東被排擠出了領導集團﹐在會昌”養病“。

贛南軍司令員龔楚去看他(Mao), 酒後毛澤東喟然長嘆﹐“我自從參加革命
以來﹐受過三次開除中委和八次嚴重警告的處份﹐這次更將造成失敗的責
任﹐完全推在我的身上。現在﹐可不是我們井岡山老同志的天下了﹗”
說時竟淒然淚下。“

Source:
from the book (龔楚 [我和紅軍])

(*1A)
李德(德國人)
http://yn.chung.id.au/LiDe.1.jpg

http://yn.chung.id.au/LiDe.2.jpg



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 Re: Mao Zedong poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
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Date:   08-04-11 12:42


(15)
婁山關 Lou Shan Pass
Written in February 1935

[婁山關﹕ 遵義縣之北。從貴州入四川的要道。
工農紅軍長征中﹐一九三五年一月四深夜佔領遵義]

西風烈,-----------------Xi feng lie4
長空雁叫霜晨月.--Chang2 kong yan4 jiao4 shuang chen2 yue4..
霜晨月,----------------Shuang chen2 yue4,
馬蹄聲啐,-------------Ma3 ti2 sheng cui4,
喇叭聲咽.-------------La3 ba sheng yan4.

雄關漫道真如鐵,--Xiong2 guan man4 dao4 zhen ru2 tie3,
而今邁步從頭越.--Er2 jin mai3 bu4 cong2 tou2 yue4.
從頭越,----------------Cong2 tou2 yue4,
蒼山如海,------------Cang shan ru2 hai3,
殘陽如血.------------Can2 yang2 ru2 xue4

Fierce the west wind,
Wild geese cry under the frosty morning moon.
Under the frosty morning moon,
Horses' hooves clattering,
Bungles sobbing low.

Idle boast the strong pass is a wall of iron,
With firm strides we are crossing its summit.
We are crossing its summit,
The rolling hills sea-blue,
The dying sun blood-red.

Source:
Mao Tsetung Poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976
..........................................

The background of the poem

The Chinese Soviet Republic was established on 7 November, 1931. Ruijin
(瑞金), south of Jiangxi province, was the capital of the Soviet Republic.
The Chairman of the Soviet Republic was Mao Zedong (毛澤東). The Vice Chairmen
were Xiang Ying (項英) and Zhang Guotao (張國濤). The commander-in-chief
of the Red Army was Zhu De (朱德). Ye Jianying (葉劍英) was appointed the
principal of the Military Academy of the Red Army.

The counties in Fujian province, controlled by the Chinese Soviet were:

(01) 長汀 Chang Ting, (02) 上杭 Shang Hang, (03) 寧化 Ning Hua,
(04) 武平 Wu Ping, (05) 永定 Yong Ding, (06) 龍岩 Long Yan,
(07) 新泉 Xin Quan (08) 清流 Qing Liu (09) 汀州市 Ting Zhou city,
(10) 永定溪南區 Yong Ding Xi Nan District (11) 漣城 Lian Cheng

The counties in Jiangxi province, controlled by the Chinese Soviet were:

(01) 潯鄔 Xun Wu, (02) 安遠 An Yuan, (03) 信豐 Xin Feng,
(04) 瑞金 Rui Jin, (05) 國興 Guo Xing, (06) 寧都 Ning Du,
(07) 會昌 Hui Chang, (08) 贛縣 Gan Xian, (09) 勝利 Sheng Li,
(10) 公略 Gong Lue, (11) 雩都 Yu Du, (12) 廣昌 Guang Chang,
(13) 石城 Shi Chang, (14) 永豐 Yong Feng, (15) 樂安 Le An,
(16) 宜黃 Yi Huang, (17) 萬泰 Wan Tai, (18) 會昌筠門嶺 Hui Chang Yun Men
Ling, (19) 博生 Bo Sheng, (20) 南廣 Nan Guang, (21) 黎川 Li Chuan,
(22) 筠村 Yun Cun, (23) 黃塘 Huang Tang, (24) 博生黃陂區 Bo Sheng Huang
Po District, (25) 博生安福區 Bo Sheng An Fu District, (26) 瑞金武陽區 Rui
Jin Wu Yang District,
(27) 建寧 Jian Ling, (28) 雩都新陂區 Yu Du Xin Po District,
(29) 桃黃 Tao Huang, (30) 黃柏 Huang Bo, (31) 砂心 Sha Xin,
(32) 瑞林 Rui Lin, (33) 九堡 Jiu Bao, (34) 雲集 Yun Ji, (35) 渡頭 Du Tou.

The size of the Soviet territory expanded and contracted according to the
fortunes of the war. There was a short period during which the Red Army
occupied more than sixty counties of Jiangxi province. However, the districts
permanently held by the Soviet was only about seventeen counties in the
border regions between the two provinces of Jiangxi and Fujian, with a population
of about three million who were mainly the speakers of Hakka and Gan (贛
) dialects. The Gan speakers were the natives of Jiangxi province, whereas,
the Hakkas or the Guest People, residing astride the border of these two
provinces, were the offspring of the emigrants from the north arrived and
settled here at the end of the Dynasties of Jin (晉朝), Tang (唐朝) and
Song (宋朝).

The Soviet had a large corps of peasant Red Guards who fought alongside
the Red Army against Chiang Kai-Shek (蔣介石)') s forces. In 1932 it was
estimated that the total strength of the Red Army and the peasant Red Guards
were 151,000 with only 97,500 old rifles. These forces occupied fought a
civil war against Chiang Kai-shek's armies which were five to seven times
stronger than they were. In armaments Chiang's forces were a thousand times
their superior. For five years, from 1930 to 1935, these peasants and the
Red Army outmaneuvered and defeated four successive campaigns against them.
With the support of the population, their superior mobility and their knowledge
of the terrain they defeated division after division of Chiang's best crack
troops. A missionary correspondent of the North China Daily News reported
on August 19, 1931:
"......a strange thing that so many people are willing to undertake what
they know means death......".
...............................................

1st encirclement

Chiang Kai-shek launched five campaigns of encirclement and annihilation
against the Chinese Soviet Republic. The first campaign was launched in
December 1930 and was easily defeated by the Red Army in January 1931.

Please refer to Mao Zedong's poem No. (11)
...................................................

Against the 2nd Encirclement
Written in spring 1931

Please refer to Mao Zedong's poem No. (12)
......................................................................

The 3rd encirclement and annihilation campaign by Chiang Kai-shek against
the Red Army.

Three months after the failure of the second encirclement and annihilation
campaign, Chiang Kai-shek personally led the third campaign against the
Chinese Soviet Republic with forces that were ten times bigger than the
Red Army's. However, the Japanese saved the Red Army from being defeated.
On September 18, 1931 the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in China's northeast
(東北 Manchuria) shelled Shenyang (審陽) city and invaded the provinces
of Jilin (吉林省) and Heilongjiang (黑龍江省). The Japanese troops occupied
the city of Shenyang the next day. Chiang was forced to call off the third
campaign.
.................................................

The 4th encirclement

After having recovered from the shock of the Japanese attack on Manchuria

and Shanghai (上海), Chiang Kai-shek ordered General He Yingqin (何應欽將
軍) and General Cheng Cheng (程誠將軍) to led the fourth encirclement campaign
against the Chinese Soviet Republic. The campaign lasted for eight months.
The battles reached a stalemate and both sides eventually made a truce with
mutual consent.
..........................................................

The 5th encirclement

In August 1933, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fifth campaign with a million
men and an air force of more than four hundred airplanes. Chiang even employed
two German military advisers to guide the campaign. The Germans devised
a tactic to throttle the Chinese Soviet Republic. Chiang's troops built
blockhouses round the Soviet territory. While Chiang's troops advanced they
built blockhouse to consolidate the ground they gained. By the end of January
1934 they had built an estimated total of 2,900 blockhouses. A tight economic
blockade was imposed on the Soviet area that was desperately short of salt,
kerosene, medical supplies and many essential daily items. The Red Army
was defeated in battle after battle. By June 1934 the territory under the
control of the Communists was reduced to only a few counties. Now the Red
Army had to confront the question of either to break out of the encirclement
or sitting down to await annihilation. It seemed that a breakout was inevitable.
The decision to evacuate the Soviet was made on October 2, 1934. Twelve
days later, on October 14, 1934, about 100,000 Chinese Communist men and
women and the embattled Red Army abandoning their Soviet base, burst through
the stranglehold of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang Army and began the Long
March.
...........................................

Abandoning their soviet base, as big as the country of Begium in Europe,
on 16th October 1934, there were 100,000 Red Army and Chinese Communists,
men and women began the Long March. Mao Zedong regained his position on
the military council.

http://yn.chung.id.au/LongMarch.jpg


The map is taken from the book "On the Long March with Chairman Mao
跟隨毛主席長征," by Chen Changfeng (陳昌奉).

一九三五年一月十六日至十八日﹐遵義會議開了三天﹐ 隨後紅軍就經婁山關北上
四川﹐想和張國濤的紅四方軍會合。二月五日﹐在一個叫”雞鳴三省“ (四川﹐貴
州﹐雲南)的村莊﹐博古把軍事指揮權正式移交給毛澤東。

上任伊始的毛澤東求勝心切﹐敵情末明而猛攻四川土城。沒料到四川辣子們十分打
得﹐紅軍折兵數千陣來。

毛澤東當機力斷 (decide promptly and opportunely; make a prompt decision),
決定
放棄和張國濤會合的這一長征初始目標﹐回貴州攻打戰鬥力薄弱的黔軍(貴州軍).
這是長征途中的最重大的戰略轉折。黔軍企圖憑婁山關天險力耡阻紅軍﹐會合川
軍﹐ 滇軍(雲南軍)和中央軍聚殲紅軍于雲貴川交界處。彭德懷親自帶兵以急行軍
在二月二十六日下午搶佔婁山關﹐接著幾天﹐又在婁山關週圍殲敵二個師﹐ 取得
了自從慘敗湘江一半人馬以來的長征途上的第一個大勝利。
這首詞﹐應該是作于二月二十六日左右。

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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   08-04-11 17:38


(16)
三首 - 十六字令
The three poems of 16 words each
Written during the Long March in 1934 - 1935

山,-------------------------Shan,
快馬加鞭末下鞍.---Kuai4 ma3 jia bian wei4 xia4 an.
驚回首,-----------------Jing hui2 shou3,
離天三尺三.----------Li2 tian san chi3 san.

山-------------------------Shan,
倒海翻江捲巨瀾.---Dao3 hai3 fan jiang juan3 ju4 lan2.
奔騰急,-----------------Ben4 teng2 ji2,
萬馬戰猶酣.----------Wan4 ma3 zhan4 you2 han.

山,------------------------Shan,
刺破青山鄂末殘.---Ci4 po4 qing shan E4 wei4 can2,
天欲墮,-----------------Tian Yu4 duo4,
賴以拄其間.----------Lai4 yi3 zhu4 qi2 jian.

Mountains!
I whip my swift horse glued to my saddle.
I turn my head startled,
The sky is three foot three above me!

Mountains!
Like great waves surging in a crashing sea,
Like a thousand stallions
In full gallop in the heat of battle.

Mountains!
Piercing the blue heaven, your barbs unblunyed!
The skies would fall
But for your strength supprting.

Sources:
Mao Tsetung Poems
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976

Notes:
民謠﹕
“上有骷髏山(Human Skeleton Mountain).
下有八寶山(Eight Treasure Mountain)
離天三尺三

天欲墮﹐賴以拄其間﹔(淮南子[the name of a book]﹐天文訓[in the chapter of
astronomy]):
”昔者共工(Gong Gong)與顓頊(Zhuan Xu)爭為帝﹐怒而觸不周之山﹐
天柱折﹐地維絕。
神話中有以山為撐天之柱的講法。

The three poems were written in the mountains in the provinces of Huan and
Guizhou during the Long March.
作于二萬五千里長征途中湘貴一帶群山間。

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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
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Date:   08-04-11 22:31


(17)
長征 Long March
Written in October 1935

十 送 紅 軍

Seeing off the Red Army ten times (on their Long March)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0owCh0ApmnA


紅軍不怕遠征難,---Hong2 jun bu4 pa4 yuan3 zheng nan2
萬水千山只等閒.---Wan4 shui3 qian shan zhi deng3 xian2.
五嶺逶迤騰細浪,---Wuling wei yi3 teng2 xi3 lang4,
烏蒙磅礡走泥丸.---Wumeng bang4 zhuan zou3 ni4 wan2.
金沙水拍雲崖暖,---Jinsha Shui3(*1A) pai yun2 ya2 nuan3,
大渡橋橫鐵索寒.---Dadu Qiao(*2B) heng2 tie3 suo3 han2.
更喜岷山千里雲,---Geng4 xi3 Minshan qian li3 yun2,
三軍過後盡開顏.---San jun guo4 hou4 jin4 kai yan2

The Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March,
Holding light ten thousand crags an torrents.
The Five Ridges wind like gentle ripples
And the majesticWumeng roll by, globules of clay.
Warm the steep cliffs lapped by the waters of Golden Sands,
Cold the iron chains spanning the Dadu River.
Minshan's thousand li of snow joyous crossed,
The Three Armies march on, each face glowing.

Source:
Mao Tsetung poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976

The poem was written by Mao Zedong (毛澤東) in October 1935 after the Red
Army had completed the Long March. Edgar Snow, the first American, visited
Yanan (延安) and Mao Zedong gave him the poem.

(1A) 金沙水 (Golden Sands river) is Yangtze River as known in that region
of Sichuan province (四川省).

(2B) 大渡橋 Dadu Bridge
Luding bridge over the Dau River.

[C3] 三軍 (The "Three Armies") are the First, Second and Fourth Front armies.
Mao Zedong included in his poem the two Front armies which would reach
Shaanxi and reunite the forces in 1936.

http://yn.chung.id.au/LuDingBridge.jpg


Red Army men swung from the chains under fire to cross and capture it from
Kuomintang troops (國民黨軍) during the Long March.


The background of the poem.

On November 7, 1931, in a little town called Ruijin (瑞金), south of Jiangxi
province (江西省), the Chinese Red Army proclaimed the formation of the
Chinese Soviet Republic and set up a Provisional Soviet Government with
Mao Zedong (毛澤東) as the chairman. The commander-in-chief of the Red Army
was Zhu De (朱德).

The size of the Soviet territory expanded and contracted according to the
fortunes of the war. There was a short period during which the Red Army
occupied more than sixty counties of Jiangxi province. However, the districts
permanently held by the Soviet was only about seventeen counties in the
border regions between the two provinces of Jiangxi and Fujian (福建省),
with a population of about three million who were mainly the speakers of
Hakka and Gan (贛) dialects. The Gan speakers were the natives of Jiangxi
province, whereas, the Hakkas or the Guest People, residing astride the
border of these two provinces, were the offspring of the emigrants from
the north arrived and settled here at the end of the Dynasties of Jin (晉
朝 265AD to 420AD), Tang (唐朝 618AD to 907AD) and Song (宋朝 960AD to 1279AD)
.

The Soviet had a large corps of peasant Red Guards who fought alongside
the Red Army against Chiang Kai-Shek's (蔣介石) forces. In 1932 it was estimated
that the total strength of the Red Army and the peasant Red Guards were
151,000 with only 97,500 old rifles. These forces fought a civil war against
Chiang Kai-shek's armies who were five to seven times stronger than them.
In armaments, Chiang's forces were a thousand times their superior.

For five years, from 1930 to 1934, the peasants and the Red Army outmaneuvered
and defeated four successive campaigns against them by Chiang Kai-shek.
With the support of the population, their superior mobility and their knowledge
of the terrain they defeated division after division of Chiang's best crack
troops. A missionary correspondent of the North China Daily News reported
on August 19, 1931: "......a strange thing that so many people are willing
to undertake what they know means death......".

In August 1933 Chiang Kai-shek launched the fifth campaign with a million
men and an air force of more than four hundred airplanes. Chiang even employed
two German military advisers who devised a tactic to throttle the Chinese
Soviet Republic. Chiang's troops built blockhouses round the Soviet territory.
By the end of January 1934 they had built an estimated total of 2,900 blockhouses.
A tight economic blockade was imposed on the Soviet area that was desperately
short of salt, kerosene, medical supplies and many essential daily items.
The Red Army was defeated in battle after battle. By June 1934 the territory
under the control of the Communists was reduced to only a few counties.
Now the Red Army had to confront the question of either to break out of
the encirclement or sitting down to await annihilation. It seemed that a
breakout was inevitable.

The decision to evacuate the Soviet was made on October 2, 1934. Twelve
days later, on October 14, 1934 the embattled Red Army began the Long March.
The Red Army chose to march through the Hakka villages because they knew
the Hakkas would help them. Along the trek they passed through many Hakka
villages where the villagers tried their best to help the Red Army and many
young Hakkas joined the ranks of the Red Army.

After much fighting and marching for five months the Red Army arrived at
a town called Luding (瀘定) in Sichuan province (四川省). The Red Army had
to cross the Luding Bridge that was spanned by 13 iron chains. 200 feet
below the bridge was
the Dadu River (大渡河). The capture and crossing of the Luding Bridge was
the most risky and dramatic episode on the Long March.

It was here in 1864, that the heroic Taiping army (太平軍) of the Taiping
Heavenly Kingdom (太平天國 1851AD to 1864AD), under the command of Prince
Shi Dakai
(翼王石達開) was massacred by the Qing Government (清朝) troops commanded
by Zeng Guofan (曾國藩). People said that at night one could occasionally
hear the souls of the dead Taiping soldiers wailing and lamenting their
fate and crying out for vengeance.

Zhu De (朱德), the commander-in-chief of the Red Army, retold to his comrades
the stories which the Old Weaver used to tell him in his childhood about
the Taiping Army of Shi Dakai.

["Yes," the Old Weaver used to say, "our army perished at the Dadu River,
Prince Shi's troops died by the thousand at the Dadu River, and some in
the river because they were starving and preferred death in the river to
surrender to the Tartars. They had no food and they ate all the horses and
mules.......The Tartars......bribed the savage Lolos and armed them with
foreign guns to attack Shi from the rear and cut off his food supply....They
built defences along the Dadu River and Shi Dakai could not cross, for we
Taipings had only bows and arrows.......Shi's soldiers......made rafts,
and 5,000 boarded them and held their leather shields before them and
their spears in their hands.........But the foreign cannon blazed, the rafts
were destroyed by the Tartars. Dadu River was clogged with the bodies of
the dead". [from Smedley's 大路 THE GREAT ROAD

The Old Weaver would close his story with the words:
"On dark nights, when there is no moon, you can still hear the spirits of
our Taiping
dead wailing at the Dadu River crossing and over the town where they were
slaughtered. They will wail until they are avenged. Then their spirits will
rest."]

Prince Shi Dakai surrendered and suffered a gruesome death.

All the planks on the bridge had been removed by Chiang Kai-shek's troops
before the Red Army arrived. The Red Army men swung from the chains under
fire to cross and capture the bridge from Chiang Kai-shek' troops who fled
for their lives after seeing the heroic actions of the Red Army. Eventually
the Red Army crossed the Luding bridge and did not suffer the same fate
as the Taiping Army.

The Red Army marched through eleven provinces, over raging rivers and snow-capped
mountain ranges, through swamps and forests. They had to fight Chiang Kai-shek'
s armies, the troops of provincial warlords, local bandits and hostile tribesmen.
After marching for a whole year (368 days to be exact) and 25,000 circuitous
lis (二萬五千里) they arrived at the other end of China, Shaanxi province
(陜西省) near the Great Wall, on October 20, 1935.

In his book "Red Star Over China" Edgar Snow said that the Long March was
"one of the great triumphs of men against odds and man against nature."

On hearing that the Red Army had arrived near the Great Wall Chiang Kai-shek
nearly fainted. He said that the Japanese were only the disease in the skin,
but the Communists were the cancer in the heart.

The routes on the Long March 長征

http://yn.chung.id.au/RoutesLongMarch.jpg



[The map is from the book,
"On the Long March with Chairman Mao
跟隨毛主席長征" by Chen Changfeng (陳昌奉)]

(01) 瑞金--江西省--(Ruijin--Jiangxi province)
(02) 于都--江西省--(Yutu--Jiangxi province)
(03) 信豐--江西省--(Xinfeng--Jiangxi province)
(04) 大余--江西省--(Dayu--Jiangxi province)
(05) 宜章--湖南省--(Yizhang--Hunan province)
(06) 嘉禾--湖南省--(Jiahe--Hunan province)
(07) 寧遠--湖南省--(Ningyuan--Hunan province)
(08) 道縣--湖南省--(Daoxian--Hunan province)
(09) 臨武--湖南省--(Linwu--Hunan province)
(10) 江華--湖南省--(Jianghua--Hunan province)
(11) 通道--湖南省--(Tongdao--Hunan province)
(12) 黎平--貴州省--(Liping--Guizhou province)
(13) 鎮遠--貴州省--(Zhanyuan--Guizhou province)
(14) 石阡--貴州省--(Shiqian--Guizhou province)
(15) 湄潭--貴州省--(Meitan--Guizhou province)
(16) 遵義--貴州省--(Zunyi--Guizhou province)
(17) 桐梓--貴州省--(Tongzi--Guizhou province)
(18) 三江--四川省--(Sanjiang--Sichuan province)
(19) 習水--四川省--(Xishui--Sichuan province)
(20) 赤水--貴州省--(Chishui--Guizhou province)
(21) 威信--雲南省--(Weixin--Yunnan province)
(22) 茅臺--貴州省--(Maotai--Guizhou province)
(23) 水城--貴州省--(Shuicheng--Guizhou province)
(24) 龍里--貴州省--(Longli--Guizhou province)
(25) 長順--貴州省--(Changshun--Guizhou province)
(26) 興仁--貴州省--(Xingren--Guizhou province)
(27) 宣威--雲南省--(Xuanwei--Yunnan province)
(28) 會澤--南省--(Huize--Yunnan province)
(29) 馬龍--雲南省--(Malong--Yunnan province)
(30) 嵩民--雲南省--(Songmin--Yunnan province)
(31) 武定--雲南省--(Wuding--Yunnan province)
(32) 元謀--雲南省--(Yuanmou--Yunnan province)
(33) 絞車--雲南省--(Jiaoche--Yunnan province)
(34) 德昌--四川省--(Dehchang--Sichuan province)
(35) 西昌--四川省--(Xichang--Sichuan province)
(36) 冕寧--四川省--(Mianning--Sichuan province)
(37) 越西--四川省--(Yuexi--Sichuan province)
(38) 安順場-四川省--(Anshunchang--Sichuan province)
(39) 瀘定--四川省--(Luding--Sichuan province)
(40) 雅安--四川省--(Yaan--Sichuan province)
(41) 寶興--四川省--(Baoxing--Sichuan province)
(42) 懋功--四川省--(Maogong--Sichuan province)
(43) 撫邊--四川省--(Fubian--Sichuan province)
(44) 毛兒蓋--四川省--(Maoergai--Sichuan province)
(45) 通渭--甘肅省--(Tongwei--Gansu province)
(46) 隆德--ǐí夏省--(Longde--Ningxia province)
(47) 環縣--甘肅省--(Huanxian--Gansu province
(48) 吳旗-陝西省--(Wuqi--Shaanxi province)
(49) 保安--陝西省--(Baoan--Shaanxi province)
(50) 延安--陝西省--(Yanan--Shaanxi province)

Sources:
(1) The Long March by Dick Wilson (the best book on the Long March)
(2) On the Long March with Chairman Mao by Chen Changfeng
(3) The Morning Deluge by Dr. Han Suyi
(4) My Memoir by Zhang Guotao
(5) The Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow
(6) I and the Red Army by Gong Chu
(7) Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung by Mao Zedong.

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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
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Date:   08-06-11 00:11


(18)
崑崙 Kunlun (*1A)
Written in October 1935

橫空出世,---------------Heng2 kong chu shi4,
奔崑崙,-------------------Ben4 Kunlun,
閱盡人間春色.--------Yue4 jin4 ren2 jian chun se4.
飛起玉龍三百萬,-----Fei qi3 yu4 long2 san bai3 wan4,
攪得周天寒徹.--------Jiao3 de2 Zhou Tian han2 che4.
夏日消溶,---------------Xia4 ri4 xiao rong2,
江河橫溢,---------------Jiang he2 heng2 yi4,
人或為魚鱉.-----------Ren2 huo4 wei2 yu2 bie.
千秋功罪,--------------Qian qiu gong zui4,
誰人曾與評說?------Shui2 ren2 zeng yu4 ping2 shuo?

而今我謂崑崙:-------Er2 jin wo3 wei4 Kunlun:
不要這高,--------------Bu4 yao zhe4 gao,
不要這多雪.----------Bu4 yao zhe4 duo xue3.
安得倚天抽寶劍,--An de2 yi3 tian chou bao3 jian4,
把汝裁為三截?-----Ba3 ru3 cai2 wei2 san jie2?
一截遺歐,-------------Yi jie2 yi2 Ou,
一截贈美,-------------Yi jie2 zeng Mei,
一截還東國.---------Yi jie2 huan2 Dong Guo
太平世界,------------Tai4 ping2 shi4 jie4,
環球同此涼熱.----Huan2 qiu2 tong2 ci3 liang2 re4.

Far above the earth, into the blue,
You, wild Kunlun, have seen
All that was fairest in the world of men,
Your three million white jade dragons in fight
Freeze the sky with piercing cold.
In summer days your melting torrents
Flood the streams and rivers,
Turning men into fish and turtles.
Who has passed judgement on the good and ill
You have wrought these thousand autumns?

To Kunlun now I say,
Neither all your height
Nor all your snow is needed.
Could I but draw my sword o'ertopping heaven,
I'd cleave you in three.
One piece for Europe,
One for America,
One to keep in the East.
Peace would then reign over the world.
The same warmth and cold throughout the globe.

Source:
Mao Tsetung Poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976
..................................................

Note:
(*1A) 崑崙 Kunlun

崑崙是中國最大的山脈之一﹐西帕米爾高原﹐沿新疆西藏邊界向東延伸。
東端分為北中南三支。南支可可西裡山﹐是長江上游通天河的一些支流
的源頭。南支東延為青海境內的巴顏喀拉山﹐是黃河的源頭。巴顏喀拉
山東接四川的岷山和邛崍山處﹐是一片海拔六千公尺的雪原﹐毛澤東在
岷山所看到的就是崑崙山的這便余脈。
...............................................................

Further reading
I quote a short chapter from the book,
"On the Long March with Chairman Mao 跟隨毛主席長征“
By Chen Changfeng 陳昌奉

"On the Road to Shuitseti

We stayed a few days in Hualingping after crossing the Tatu River (大渡橋
). Then we set out for Shuitseti. People said we could reach it in a day's
march.

We started in the morning. Chairman Mao was busy, so he didn't go with the
Central Committee organizations but travelled instead with the medical units,
which left later. Comrade Hu Chang-pao, the leader of the guard squad,
and I went with him.

When we came to a mountain which was about six li (里 one li =half a kilometre)
to the summit, three enemy planes started diving towards us. We spread
out but continued marching. He was walking ahead of the Chairman, I behind.
The Chairman marched with his eyes on the road, as if pondering some question.
Only occasionally did he look up at the planes. The rest of us were very
tense.

The planes swung around and went off in the direction from which we had
come. Just as we were feeling a bit relieved, from above and behind us we
heard two piercing whistles. I knew at once they were bombs.

'"Chairman,"' I yelled, rushing towards him. I had run only a few steps
when a cluster of bombs exploded ahead and to one side of me. The blast
knocked me down. The Chairman was engulfed in smoke. I crawled to my feet
and looked towards the Chairman. He was squatting beside Hu Chang-pao, who
had been hit. The Chairman hadn't been hurt. My heart, which had been in
my mouth, settled back into its normal place. I automatically wiped the
sweat and dust from my brow and ran over to the Chairman. He was stroking
Hu's head. Hu was lying with his hands pressed against his belly. Big beads
of sweat stood out on his forehead. But he wasn't uttering a sound.

I didn't know what to do. The medical orderly came hurrying towards us.


'"Quick," the Chairman urged him, "'take care of him.'"

Hu waved his hand in refusal. '"Chairman, I'm finished,'" he said. Keep
the medicine. The rest of you still have to go on." His ruddy face had become
a waxy yellow.

'"It's not serious. You'll be all right," the Chairman said comfortingly.
He swiftly helped the medical orderly bind Hu's wounds. Then he sat down
and cradled Hu in his arms like a sleepy child. '"You'll be all right. Hang
on a little longer,"' he said softly. '"We'll carry you to Shuitseti. We'll
find a doctor and have you back in shape in no time."'

Hu gazed up fondly at the Chairman with dimming eyes. But he became quite
upset when he heard that we were going to carry him. Labouring to get the
words out, he said, '"Chairman, it's no use. The blood's all flowing into
my stomach. I don't mind dying. My only regret is that I can't go with you
to northern Shensi (陝西) and see our base there." Two glistering tears
rolled from the corners of his eyes. He gasped for a while as if he felt
a lump in his throat, then added, "My parents live in Chian (吉安), Kiangsi
(江西). Please tell them of my death, if possible."'

The Chairman didn't say anything, but only held him closer.
'"You'll get well,'" the medical orderly and I said encouragingly. "'You'll
go with us to northern Shensi.'"
Hu shook his head. '"Comrade Chen,"' he said to me, his words coming slowly,
'"I can no longer protect the Chairman. You must guard him and the other
Central Committee leaders well."'

His voice was so low I could barely hear him. Finally, with a great effort,
he raised his head and stared fixedly at the Chairman and us. His lips trembled
as he forced out the words, '"Victory....to....the....revolution!"' Then
he closed his eyes.

The medical orderly and I frantically called to him, but he was gone. Tears
streamed down our faces.

Slowly the Chairman extracted his arm from beneath Hu's neck, lowered him
gently to the ground and stood up. In a low voice he said to me, "'Coverlet.'
"

I handed him the coverlet I had been carrying. He opened it and covered
Comrade Hu Carefully.

There wasn't a breath of wind that day. The trees and grass on the mountain
were motionless. They seemed to be paying their last respects to the departed
hero. We wiped away our tears and buried him. Then, following the Chairman,
we marched on."

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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
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(19)
六盤山 Mount Liupan (*1A)
Written in October 1935

天高雲淡,-------------Tian gao yun2 dan4,
望斷南飛雁.----------Wang4 duan4 nan2 fei yan.
不到長城非好漢,---Bu4 dao4 Changcheng fei hao3 han4,
屈指行程二萬.------Qu zhi3 xing2 cheng2 er4 wan4.

六盤山上高峰,-----Liupanshan shang4 gao feng,
紅旗漫西風.--------Hong2 qi2 man4 xi feng.
今日長纓在手,----Jin ri4 chang2 ying zai4 shou3,
何時縛蒼龍.--------He2 shi2 fu4 cang long2.

The sky is high, the clouds are pale,
We watch the wild geese vanish southward.
If we fail to reach the Great Wall we are not men,
We who have already measured twenty thousand li.

High on the crest of Mount Liupan,
Red banners wave freely in the west wind.
Today we hold the long cord in our hands,
When shall we bind fast the Grey Dragon?

Source:
Mao Tsetung Poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976

Note:
六盤山 is in the south of NingXia province (寧夏省) and east of Gansu province
(甘肅省). The Long March by the Red Army was nearly arrived at its destination
in Shaanxi province (陝西省) near the Great Wall of China.

The background of the poem for further reading.
I quote the last two short chapters from the book
"On the long March with Chairman Mao 跟隨毛主席長征“
By Chen Chang-Feng 陳昌奉 who was the orderly of Chairman Mao during the
Long March.

At dusk in the middle of September (1935), we arrived at a village close
to Latsekou. I spread the Chairman's pallet so that he could get some rest.
But when I went into the next room, he was already in conference with Nieh
Jung-chen (聶榮臻), Liu Ya-lou (劉亞樓) and other leaders. The table was
spread with maps.

Latsekou, know as a strategic pass, connects the provinces of Szechuan and
Kansu, and was one of the major passes we had to get through to reach northern
Shensi (陝西). I was sure this was what the Chairman and the others were
discussing, so I withdrew without a word. The Chairman didn't get to sleep
until very late that night.

At the end of September, we crossed the Weishi River blockade line and headed
for Mount Liupan (六盤山).

Mount Liupan, a spur of the Lungshan Range, is the highest peak in western
Kansu. It was also the last big mountain we had to cross to get to northern
Shensi. When the men heard they were to cross the mountain, their spirit
rose.

The sky was cloudy and a cold wind blew the day we set to climb it. Soon
it started to rain. But although we were soaked by the time we reached the
foothills nothing could dampen our determination.

Mount Liupan couldn't be compared with snow-covered Chiachin Mountain, which
we had already crossed. But when we stood at its base and peered up, it
looked dangerous enough. The trail twisted and turned. At the start of the
climb there were small trees we could grab. But as we neared the summit,
there was nothing,only clumps of withered grass. It was very tough going.


I was still weak from the malaria. The trail was about thirt li to the top
and very uneven. By the time we were halyway up, I was gasping for breath.
My heart was pumping hard and I was drenched with sweat.

Chairman Mao quickly noticed the shape I was in. Whenever we came to a difficult
stretch, he extended his big hand and pulled me along.

As we neared the top, I couldn't go another step. My head swam, my body
seemed to float and I suddenly collapsed in a heap.

I was vaguely aware of two large hands helping me to my feet, and I heard
Chairman Mao's kindly voice say to Tseng, "Get the medical orderly to give
him some medicine in a hurry. His malaria has come back."

Soon someone put two bitter tablets into my mouth, and I was given a drink
of water. I gradually recovered.

Chairman Mao was supporting me, and Tseng and the medical orderly were watching.
My heart sank. "It's not malariaChairman," I cried. It's just that I have
no strength. I'm afraid I'll never get to northern Shensi."

"You will, definitely. Don't worry," the Chairman said encouragingly. "There'
s nothing frightening about difficulties. The only thing to worry about
is being afraid of them. They're pretty frightening if you are. But they're
not the least bit if you don't let them scare you. Stick it out. Once we
get over this mountain you'll be all right."

The Chairman's words gave me confidence. But I didn't want to be a burden
to him. "You go on ahead, Chairman," I said. "I'll follow as soon as I've
had a little rest."

"Nothing doing," the Chairman said firmly. "The air is very thin up here,
and it's raining. You can't rest here. You've got to hold out until we get
over this mountain, no matter what."

He and Tseng carried me and continued on. The Chairman was so concerned,
I wanted to walk, but I was shivering all over. I couldn't move a step.
"Are you cold?" the Chairman asked.
"Chilled to the bone."
"Here, put this coat on and drink some more hot water. You'll feel better
when you warm up a bit." The Chairman took off his overcoast.

All he had on underneath was a grey cotton army uniform which had been made
for him when we were in Tsunyi. What's more, he had worked until very late
the night before and had marched for hours today in the rain. Not only hadn't
I taken good care of the Chairman, in fact I had added to his burdens. How
could I accept his coat?

I pushed it back. "I don't need it. I can march."
I refused to put it on, and struggled to walk. But I was too weak. I took
one step and collapsed in a faint.

When I opened my eyes again, I was wearing the Chairman's coat. The Chairman
stood in the rain, the autumn wind ruffling his thin grey army tunic. He
was still looking rather worried about me, but a smile had begun to brighten
his expression.

Tseng brought me a bowl of drinking water and stood by my side.

Warmth flooded through me. My strength seemed to return. I rose to my feet
and stared at the Chairman. My throat was constricted.
The Chairman was delighted. "Feeling better?"
"Fine. Let's go." There was so much I wanted to say, but this was all I
could manage.
"Good. You're a real Red Army soldier." Chairman Mao fondly patted me on
the shoulder. "Let's go."

By dusk we finally crossed Mount Liupan and reached the foot of the other
side. I looked back up.
"You see, you made it," said the Chairman. "That's the way to deal with
difficulties."

We camped in a village at the foot of the mountain that night. I lay on
my bed, thinking of all that had happened that day. "If it weren't for the
Chairman's care and encouragement, I probably would have died on Mount Liupan
today," I said to myself.

I thought and thought, and tears filled my eyes. "I'll never forget what
the Chairman said," I vowed. "No matter where or when, I'll remember, always.
"

.....to be continued.....


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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
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六盤山 Mount Liupan (*1A)
Written in October 1935

WE ARE HOME!

After crossing Mount Liupan, we entered the Hui region of Kansu. The Hui
people were very warm to us. Wherever we went they streamed out to welcome
us along the roadside, handing us bowls of hot water and saying, "Where
did you come from? You must be tired, comrades. Please drink some hot water."
We had seldom heard people talk to us in the Han language since we entered
the Tibetan region, so we felt especially at home here in the Hui region
when we were addressed as "comrades." We gathered from them that our Red
25th Army, which had passed through here in July, had left them a very good
impression with its rigorous discipline. As we were getting nearer to northern
Shensi, our excitement made us forget all our fatigue and ailments. We wished
we could step onto the soil of Shensi at once to see our future "home".

One day soon after we started out from Huanhsien County in Kansu, we found
ourself on a small path skirting a mountain. Suddenly we saw five men on
horse-back galloping towards us. Clearly friends, they carried Mausers on
their hips and wore white towels on their heads. When they came up, we saw
they were sturdy, young chaps in their twenties. When they reached the foot
of the mountain, they alighted and walked towards us. "Where's Chairman
Mao?" they asked us
loudly.

I went to meet them and asked them what they wanted. An older man among
them, breathing heavily and with sweat all over his face, said in warm voice:
"We're sent by Old Liu to deliver a letter to Chairman Mao. Where is he?"

Old Liu! Wasn't that Comrade Liu Chih-tan (劉子丹)?
"Comrade," I asked, are you sent by Comrade Liu Chih-tan?"
"Exactly," they said in one voice. Meanwhile the older man handed me the
letter. I hurried with it to the Chairman. When the Chairman read it he
smiled and said, "Comrade, you've done good work!" Then they knew it was
he - Chairman Mao - whom the people of northern Shensi had expected to see
for a long time. They crowded round, struggling to shake hands with him.

The Chairman walked up to where the troops were resting. Standing in their
midst, he spoke loudly, "Comrades, we are about to reach the Soviet area
in northern Shensi!. Our 25th and 26th Armies have defeated the enemy's
second encirclement campaign and sent men to meet us!"

Tumultuous cheers broke out at this announcement. Everyone was shouting,
laughing and flinging his arms around another.

The five comrades who had come to meet us acted as our guides, leading us
into a village called Sanchuchen. That evening the Chairman talked with
them for a long while and wrote a letter for them. He did not even have
time to eat.

The following day we stopped at a small village whose name we did not know.
There was no rice to be bought, only golden-coloured millet. We bodyguards
being all southerners had never seen millet before, let alone cook it. What
to do? Since there were plenty of goats, we bought a big one and prepared
a mutton dinner.

"Why only meat?" the Chairman wanted to know,when the leg of mutton we had
reserved for him was brought in.

"We couldn't get any rice in this village nor any flour," said Tseng Hsien-chi
quickly. "There's only millet but we don't know how to cook it."

"Learn to do it: it isn't difficult," said the Chairman. "We've to learn
new ways of living when we come to a new place. Otherwise, we'll starve
to death."

We made as though to go and cook the millet on the spot. "There's no hurry
for it," said the Chairman. "Let's have the mutton on its own this time!"

During the 80-li journey between Chuchih and the dividing ridge on the Kansu-
Shensi border, we fought some 18 battles with the cavalry under Kuomintang
warlord Ma Hung-kuei (馬鴻逵軍閥). But as soon as we contacted Ma's horsemen,
they would gallop away. We used to laugh at them saying that they couldn't
even measure up to the "bean-curd" troops (meaning, as soft as bean-curd)
under Kweichow warlord Wang Chia-lieh; they were only the refuse from the
beans after making the curd!

The Chairman's wry comments on these troops tickled our sense of humour.
"They wouldn't dare to fight when they knew it's the Chinese Workers' and
Peasants Red Army," he remarked. They are only 'expert in running away!"

On the top of the ridge stood a large tablet with bold characters "Dividing
Ridge," marking the border between Kansu and Shensi Provinces. We sat down
for a rest under a chestnut tree near the tablet.

The Chairman was reading the characters on the back of the tablet. "We
have crossed ten provinces already,"
he told us elatedly. "When we go down this mountain, we'll be in the eleventh
province - Shensi (陝西省). That's our base area - our home!".

A day and a half's march from the dividing ridge brought us to Wuchi Town
where we stayed in the cave rooms cut in the side of the loess hills. It
was the first time in our lives we had seen such caves. We were now in the
Soviet area.

The Chairman got busy conferring with leading comrades on how to dispose
of Ma Hung-Kui cavalry.

Our soldiers were excited at the thought of the coming battle. "We're getting
near home," they said. "Let's present the people of northern Shensi with
a gift in the form of a victory!"

The big day came. We stood with the Chairman on a mountain top which was
bare of all vegetation. As the battle began, our Machine-guns rattled. The
frightened horses bolted in all directions neighing and attempting to escape
the hail of bullets, throwing their riders and rolling down the slopes with
them. Those who survived ran for their lives.

It was a real treat to watch the battle from the "grand stand". "Chairman!"
we exclaimed. We've only got two legs and they've got four, but we've made
them run all over the mountain!" He joined in our general burst of laughter.

While the troops were taking a rest in Wuchi Town, we accompanied the Chairman
to Hsiashihwan, the seat of the Shensi-Kansu Province Party Committee and
the Provincial Soviet.

Large snowflakes were falling when we set out. Although we weren't wearing
too many clothes, nobody felt the cold as we trudged over the rough mountain
paths. It was dusk when we reached Hsiashihwan. We heard the beating of
gongs and drums and the noise of a crowd of people. From a distance we could
see a large gathering on a spacious ground at the entrance to the village.
The people were waiting to welcome the Chairman. As soon as they caught
sight of him, they cheered madly. Amidst a tremendous din of gongs and drums,
the crowd rushed up, waving small red and green banners bearing the words:

Welcome Chairman Mao!
Welcome the Central Red Army!
Expand the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Soviet Area!
Smash the enemy's third encirclement campaign!
Long live the Chinese Communist Party!

In his worn overcoat which he had brought along from Kiangsi, and his cap,
the Chairman nodded and waved at the crowd again and again. Then the people
cleared a way for a score of leading comrades to come up and shake hands
with the Chairman. They included Comrades Liu Chih-tan and Hsu Hai-tung
(徐海東), commander of the 25th Red Army. Standing with Chairman Mao to
receive the welcomers were Chou En-lai (周恩來), Tung Pi-wu (董必武), Hus
Teh-li (徐特立), and Lin Po-chu (林伯渠). They shook hands all around and
introduced one another.

"Welcome to Chairman Mao!" the crowd cheer.
Shouts rose from every corner, shaking the very earth.
"We've won through! We've won through!"
Tseng Hsien-chi and I also shouted.
.............................................................................
..

http://yn.chung.id.au/MaoZedong.1936.jpg


The photo was taken by the American reporter Edgar Snow
and published in his book "Red Star Over China". Edgar Snow knew about the
Long March. So in 1936 he went to Yanan secretly and interviewed the leader
who led the Red Army marched from Jiangxi province (江西省) in southern
China to Shaanxi province (陝西省) in northern China near the Great wall
of China.

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By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   08-11-11 00:23


雪 Snow
Written in February 1936

http://yn.chung.id.au/SNOW.jpg


北國風光,-----------------Bei4 guo2 feng guang,
千里冰封,-----------------Qian li3 bing feng.
萬里雪飄.-----------------Wan4 li3 xue3 piao.
望長城內外,-------------Wang4 Changcheng ru4 wai4,
惟餘莽莽.-----------------Wei2 yu2 ben4 ben4,
大河上下,-----------------Da4 he2 shang4 xia4,
頓失滔滔.-----------------Dun4 shi tao tao.
山舞銀蛇,-----------------Shan wu3 yin2 she2,
原馳蠟象,-----------------Yuan2 chi2 la4 xiang4,
欲與天公試比高.------Yu4 yu3 tian gong shi4 bi3 gao.
須晴日,--------------------Xu qing2 ri4,
看紅妝素裹,-------------Kan hong2 zhuang su4 guo3,
分外妖嬈.-----------------Fen wai4 yao rao2

江山如此多嬌,----------Jiang shan ru2 ci3 duo jiao,
引無數英雄競折腰.---Yin3 wu2 shu3 ying xiong2 jing zhe2 yao.
惜秦皇漢武,--------------Xi Qin Huang Han Wu,
略輸文采;-----------------Lue4 shu wen2 cai3,
唐宗宋祖,-----------------Tang Zong Song Zu,
稍遜風騷.-----------------Shao xun4 feng sao.
一代天驕,-----------------Yi dai4 tian jiao,
成吉思汗,-----------------Cheng Ji Si Han,
只識彎弓射大雕.------Zhi3 shi2 wan gong she4 da4 diao.
俱往矣,--------------------Ju4 wang4 yi3
數風流人物,-------------Shu3 feng liu2 ren2 wu4,
還看今朝.-----------------Huan2 kan jin chao2.

SNOW

North country scene:
A hundred leagues locked in ice,
A thousand leagues of whirling snow.
Both sides of the Great Wall
One single white immensity.
The Yellow River's swift current
Is stilled from end to end.
The mountains dance like silver snakes
And the highlands charge like wax-hued elephants,
Vying with heaven in stature.
On a fine day, the land,
Clad in white, adorned in red,
Grows more enchanting.

This land so rich in beauty
Has made countless heroes bow in homage.
But alas! Qin Shi-Huang and Han Wu-Di
Were lacking in literary grace,
And Tang Tai-Zong and Song Tai-Zu
Had little poetry in their souls;
And Genghis Khan,
Proud Son of Heaven for a day,
Knew only shooting eagles, bow outstretched.
All are past and gone!
For truly great men
Look to this age alone.

Source:
Mao Tsetung poem
Foreign Press, Peking, 1967

This poem was written in 1936, after the Long March, starting on October
14, 1934 from Jiangxi province (江西省) in the south and arrived on October
20, 1935 at Wu chichen in Shaanxi province (陝西省) near the Great wall.

On August 28, 1945, Mao Zedong, accompanied by the U.S Ambassador Patrick
J. Hurley, arrived in Chongqing in Sichuan province (四川省) to have talk
with Chiang Kai-shek on the peaceful cooperation between the Communist Party
of China (CCP) and the Nationalist Party or Kuomintang (KMT) of China. Mao
Zedong stayed for 43 days in Chongqing. Liu Yazi (柳亞子), an old friend
of Mao Zedong, gave Mao a few of his poems. On October 7, in return Mao
Zedong gave Liu Yazi one of his poem titled Snow (雪). Several days later
Mao Zedong's poem was published in the Xin Hua Ri Bao (新華日報 Xinhua Daily)
in Chongqing. It created a furore among the intelligentsia in the country.

One day, Tong Xiaopeng (童小鵬), the CCP photographer from Yanan, had nothing
much to do. He was standing in front of the conference room with his camera.
He saw Chiang Kai-shek walking out from the conference room with Mao Zedong
and followed by all the officials. Tong Xiaopeng asked Chiang Kai-shek and
Mao Zedong if they did not mind if they would allow him to take a photo
of them together, just two of them, without any officials standing near
them. Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong agreed and all the officials moved
a few steps backward. Click. This is the only photo in the world that the
two men, Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong, ever taken standing together.

http://yn.chung.id.au/Mao&Chiang.jpg


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By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   08-11-11 08:41


No.21 贈丁玲 Zeng Ding Ling (*1A)
Written in December 1936

壁上紅旗飄落照,---Bi4 shang4 hong2 qi2 piao luo4 zhao4,
西風漫捲孤城.------Xi feng man4 juan3 gu cheng2.
保安人物一時新.---Baoan ren2 wu4 yi shi2 xin.
洞中開讌會,----------Dong4 zhong kai yan hui4,
招待出牢人.----------Zhao dai chu lao2 ren2.

纖筆一支誰與似,---Xian bi3 yi zhi shui2 yu4 si4,
三千毛瑟精兵.-------San qian mao2 se4 jing bing.
陣圖開向隴山東.---Zhen4 tu2 kai xiang4 long3 shan dong.
昨天文小姐,----------Zuo2 tian wen2 xiao3 jie3,
今日武將軍.----------Jin ri4 wu3 jiang jun

The last two lines:

昨天文小姐,---Zuo2 tian Wen Xiao Jie,
今日武將軍.---Jin tian Wu Jiang Jun
Yesterday you were a refined Young Lady,
Today you are a General

In 1942 Ding Ling published her famous novel called "Sunshine Over the Sanggan
River 太陽照在桑乾河上" which had won her a Stalin Award in 1952. She was
declared a rightist and was expelled from the CCP in 1957. She was sent
to work in a commune to undergo thought reform. She was finally rehabilitated
in 1978 while she was working in Shanxi province (山西省). In February 1979
she was recalled back to Beijing and was cleared all the charges against
her in 1957. She released
a statement saying that:

"It has been fifty-two years since I began writing stories in 1927, though
after 1958
there was a gap of twenty years. In the 1930s the Kuomintang [國民黨 or
the Nationalists] banned my books; after 1958 we ourselves banned my books...
..

Most of those who were struck down during the Great Cultural Revolution
were good people, as everyone knows full well..................."

(*1A) Ding Ling (丁玲 1905AD to 1986AD)

Ding Ling, the best-known revolutionary woman writer, was born in 1905 in
the north-central Hunan (湖南省) town of Anfu (安福) to a large and moderately
prosperous landlord family. She studied at the Universities of Beijing (北
京大學) and Shanghai (上海大學). She began to publish short stories in 1927
and was married to the renowned writer Hu Yepin (胡也頻) who joined the
Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1929. Ding Ling joined the CCP in 1931.
Both were members of the League of Left Wing writers in Shanghai. Both were
arrested by the Guomindang (國民黨) or the Nationalist Government. Hu Yepin
was executed and Ding Ling was released in 1936. In the same year she trekked
to Yanan (延安) in Shaanxi province (陜西省), the capital of the CCP. She
taught, wrote and published articles in Yanan.

In 1936 in Yanan (延安) after the Long March (長征) Mao Zedong (毛澤東)
wrote a poem and presented it to Ding Ling

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By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)


.
Reply To This Message
 
 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   08-12-11 05:44


延安時代 (1936 to 1949) Yanan Period

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azmxUO8bOMk&feature=related


(22)
人民解放軍佔領南京
Written in April 1949

鐘山風雨起蒼黃,---Zhongshan(*1A) feng yu3 qi3 cang huang2,
百萬雄師過大江.---Bai3 wan4 xiong2 shi guo4 da4 jiang.
虎踞龍盤今勝昔,---Hu3 ju4 long2 pan2 jin sheng4 xi,
天翻地覆慨而慷.---Tian fan di4 fu4 kai3 er2 kang3.
宜將剩勇追窮寇,---Yi2 jiang2 sheng4 yong3 zhui qiong2 guan4,
不可沽名學霸王.---Bu4 ke3 gu ming2 xue2 Ba Wang.
天若有情天亦老,---Tian ruo4 you3 qing2 tian yi4 lao3,
人間正道是滄桑.---Ren2 jian zheng4 dao4 shi4 cang sang.

The People's Liberation Army Captures Nanjing

Over Zhongshan swept a storm, headlong,
Our mighty army, a million strong, has crossed the Great River.
The City, a tiger crouching, a dragon curling, outshines its ancient glories;
In heroic triumph heaven and earth have been overturned.
With power and to spare we must pursue the tottering foe
And not ape Xiang Yu the conqueror seeking idle fame.
Were Nature sentient, she too would pass from youth to age,
But man's world is mutable, sea become mulberry fields.

Source:
Mao Tsetung Poems,
Foreign Language Press, 1976, Peking

Background of the poem
一九四九年四月二十日﹐國民黨拒絕在和平協定上籤字。
當夜﹐解放軍在東起江蘇江陰﹐西迄江四湖口的千里江上﹐
分三路強行渡江。二十三日晚﹐東路陳毅的第三野戰軍佔領南京。

Note
(*1A)

鐘山春 - 歌手 - 周璇

鐘山春-周璇 (電影"惱人春色"插曲）
作詞-范煙橋 作曲-金玉谷

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ImYT38fAdmE&feature=related

巍巍的鍾山,
巍巍的鍾山,
龍蟠虎踞石頭城,
龍蟠虎踞石頭城 啊.....

畫樑上呢喃的乳燕.....
柳蔭中穿梭的流鶯.....

一片煙漫,
無邊風景,
裝點出江南新春,
裝點出江南新春,

巍巍的鍾山,
巍巍的鍾山,
龍蟠虎踞石頭城,
龍蟠虎踞石頭城 啊.....

莫想那秦淮煙柳.....
不管那六朝金粉....

大家努力向前程,
看草色青青,
聽江濤聲響, 起來!
共燃起大地的光明.

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By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   08-12-11 18:16


毛澤東詩
No.23 和柳亞子先生 Written on April 29, 1949

飲茶粵海末能忘,---Yin3 cha2 Yue hai3 wei4 neng2 wang4,
索句渝州葉正黃.---Suo3 ju4 Yuzhou ye4 zheng4 huang2.
三十一年還舊國,---San shi2 yi nian2 huan2 jiu4 guo2,
落花時節讀華章.---Luo4 hua shi2 jie2 du2 hua2 zhang.
牢騷太盛防腸斷,---Lao2 sao tai4 sheng4 fang2 chang2 duan4,
風物長宜放眼量.---Feng wu4 chang2 yi2 fang4 yan3 liang4.
莫道昆明池水淺,---Mo4 dao4 Kunmingchi shui3 qian3,
觀魚勝過富春江.---Guan yu2 sheng4 guo4 Fuchunjiang.

Reply to Mr. Liu Yazi

I still remember our drinking tea in Kwangchou (Guangzhou)
And your asking for verses in Chungking (Chongqing) as the leaves yellowed.
Back in the old capital after thirty-one years,
At the season of falling flowers I read your polished lines.
Beware of heartbreak with grievance overfull,
Range far your eye over long vistas.
Do not say the waters of Kunming Lake are too shallow,
For watching fish they are better then Fuchun River.
--------------------------------------------------------------

柳亞子原詩 [感事呈毛主席一首]

開天闢地君真健!---Kai tian pi4 di4 jun zhen jian4!
說項似劉我大難.---Shuo Xiang si4 Liu wo3 da4 nan2[*1A].
奪席談經非五鹿,---Duo2 xi2 tan2 jing fei wu3 lu4,
無車彈鋏怨馮驩.---Wu2 che tan2 jia2 yuan4 Feng Huan[*2B].
頭顱早悔平生賤,---Tou2 lu2 zao3 hui3 ping2 sheng jian4,
肝膽寧忘一寸丹.--Gan dan3 ning4 wang4 yi cun4 dan.
安得南征馳捷報!---An de2 nan2 zheng chi2 jie2 bao4!
分湖便是子陵灘.---Fenhu bian4 shi4 zi3 ling2 tan.

Liu Yazi's Poem [My Thoughts Presented To Chairman Mao]

You excel as the maker of a new epoch!
Hard it was for me to laud Light in dark times.
Lecturing on classics, I am no time-serving scholar
And, to my sorrow, have met with no harm reception.
Remorse fills me at the thought of my misspent life,
Yet my heart will remain true to the end,
O for glad tidings from the southern expedition!
Lake Fenhu will then be my hermit resort.

Source:
Mao Tsetung Poems, Foreign Press, Peking, 1976

[*1A]
[Note: 說項依劉我大難 has not been translated into English.

項 (Xiang) refers to 項羽 (Xiang Yu)
劉 (Liu) refers to 劉邦 (Liu Bang)
After the collapsed of the Qin Dynasty (秦朝 211BC to 207BC), Liu Bang and
Xiang Yu fought a civil war that last for 5 years. In 202BC Liu Bang defeated
Xiang Yu who committed suicide. Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty (漢
朝 202BC to 220AD).

The Japanese occupied almost half of China from 1931 to 1945. Japan was
defeated and surrendered in August 1945. At the end of 1947 began the full
scale of civil war between Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek,
who was defeated in October 1949, fled to Taiwan province.

[*2B]
馮驩 (Feng Huan) who lived in the Period of Warring States (戰國時代 453BC
to 221BC).

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 Re: Mao Zedong's poems in Chinese, English and Hanyu Pinyin
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   08-13-11 05:24


No.24

和柳亞子先生 With Mr. Liu Yazi, written in October 1950
一九五零年國慶觀劇, 柳亞子先生即席賦[浣溪沙],
因步其韻奉和.

長夜難明赤縣天,---Chang2 ye4 nan2 ming2 chi4 xian4 tian,
百年魔怪舞翩躚,---Bai3 nian2 mo guai4 wu3 pian xian,
人民五億不團圓.---Ren2 min2 wu3 yi4 bu4 tuan2 yuan2.

一唱雄雞天下白,---Yi chang4 xiong2 ji tian xia4 bai2,
萬方樂奏有于闐,---Wan4 fang yue4 zou4 you3 Yutian,
詩人興會更無前.---Shi2 ren2 xing hui4 geng4 wu2 qian2.

Reply To Mr. Liu Yazi

October 1950

At a song and dance performance during the National Day celebration of 1950,
Mr. Liu Yazi wrote an impromptu poem to the tune of Wan Hsi (Xi) Sha, to
which I replied, using the same rhyme sequence.

The night was long and dawn came slow to the Crimson Land.
For a century demons and monsters whirled in a wild dance,
And the five hundred million people were disunited.

Now the cock crowed and all under heaven is bright,
Here is music from all our people, from Yutian[1A] too,
And the poet is inspired as never before.

[1A]于闐 Yutian
is a county in Xinjiang province (新疆省). During the Han Dynasty (漢朝
206BC to 220AD), Yutian was a country in the north of Congling (蔥嶺). 
-----------------------------------------------------------

柳亞子 (浣溪沙)

火樹銀花不夜天,---Huo3 shu4 yin2 hua bu4 ye4 tian,
弟兄姐妹舞翩躚,---Di4 xiong jie3 mei4 wu3 pian xian,
歌聲唱徹月兒圓.---Ge sheng chang4 che4 Yueeryuan..

不是一人能領導,---Bu4 shi4 yi ren2 neng2 ling3 dao3,
那容百族共(馬並) 闐---Na4 rong2 bai3 zu2 gong4 (ma3 bing4) tian3,
良宵盛會喜空前.---Liang2 xiao sheng4 hui4 xi3 kong qian2.

On October 3, I attended a soiree in Huai Je Tang. Performances were given
by ensemble from the various nationalities in the Southwest, Singkiang (新
疆省 Xinjiang province), Yenpien (鹽邊 Yanbian) in Sichuan province (四川
省), and Inner Mongilia (內蒙古). At Chairman Mao's request, I composed
the following poem to celebrate the great unity of the nationalities.

Displays of fiery trees and silver flowers, a night without darkness,
Brothers and sisters skip by gracefully in dance.
The strains of The Full Moon[2B] rise with joyful swell.

But for one man's wise leadership,
How could the hundred nationalities assemble?
This merry eve's festive gathering surpasses all!

[2B] The Full Moon 月兒圓 (Yueeryuan)
There is a Kazakh folk song in Sinkiang called "The Full Moon".

Source:
Mao Tsetung Poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976
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