Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan
Date: 05-27-05 06:50
HN`
Mao Zedong's poetry - Autumn Harvest Uprising 秋收起義
Written in September 1929
秋收起義
軍叫工農革命, 旗號鐮刀斧頭.
匡廬一帶不停留,
要向瀟湘直進.
地主重重壓迫, 農民個個同仇.
秋收時節暮雲愁,
霹靂一聲暴動.
The army [1] call the workers and peasants for revolution,
The flag of sickle and axe [2] has been hoisted.
We will not stop in the Kuanglu [3] area,
But straight to Xiaoxiang [4].
The peasants are being fleeced right and left by the landlords,
Who have become the enemies of all the peasants.
It is cloudy towards the end of the season for autumn harvesting,
Suddenly, a sound of thunderbolt it is an uprising.
http://yn.chung.id.au/AutumnUprising.jpg
(The photo is from the book "The Morning Deluge"
by Han Suyin (韓素音), first published in 1972.
[1] In 1927, the Kuomintang (國民黨) called their army National Revolutionary
Army (國民革命軍), whereas the Communists called their army Workers and
Peasants revolutionary Army (工農革命軍). In May, 1928 the Communists changed
the name of their army to the Red Army (紅軍).
[2] In 1933, the Communists changed their flag from sickle and axe to sickle
and hammer (鐮刀錘子). Later, again, it was changed to Bayi (八一 or August
1st). Since then it had become their official army flag. During the Japanese
occupation the Red Army was renamed "The 8th Route Army 八路軍". Their
soldiers put up their thumbs and and the second fingers upside down to show
the Ba (八) sign meaning the 8th Route Army.
[3] Kuang Lu (匡廬)
The original name was Xiu Tong (修銅) that referred to the counties of Xiushui
(修水) and Tonggu (銅鼓) in Jiangxi province (江西省).
[4] Xiao Xiang (瀟湘)
The original name was Ping Liu (平瀏) that referred to the counties of Pingjiang
(平江) and Liuyang (瀏陽) in Hunan province (湖南省).
The background of this poem
On August 7, 1927, the Communist International ordered the Chinese Communist
Party (CCP) to convene an emergency meeting in Wuhan (武漢) in Hubei province
(湖北省). In the meeting Chen Duxiu (陳獨修) was being criticized as the
Right Opportunist (右傾機會主義者). Ju Qiubai (瞿秋白) was elected the new
leader to lead the CCP. Ju Qiubai called on all the CCP branches to prepare
for uprising. For this Ju Qiubai was regarded in the CCP history as the
Left Opportunist (左傾機會主義者). Mao Zedong attended the meeting. After
the meeting the Central Committee dispatched him to Hunan province to organize the Autumn Harvest Uprising.
On September 9, 1927, the regiment of the police force stationed in Xiushui (修水), whose commander was Lu Deming (盧德銘), a Communist, the coal mine workers at Anyuan Coal Mine (安源煤礦場), the peasant volunteers from Pingjiang (平江) and Liuyang (瀏陽), together staged the Autumn Harvest Uprising. At that time Mao Zedong was at Tonggu (銅鼓) directing the peasant volunteers from Pingjiang and Liuyang. The plan was to attack and overrun Pingjiang and Liuyang and then to attack Changsha (長沙) from the north and south. Please refer to the map of Hunan province:
http://yn.chung.id.au/HuNan.jpg
However, the peasant volunteers failed to take Pingjiang and Liuyang. They retreated and arrived at Wenjiashi (文家市) in Liuyang. Mao Zedong persuaded the volunteers to withdrew to Pingxiang (萍鄉) in Jiangxi province (江西省). In October, Mao Zedong led the volunteers and climbed the Jinggangshan (井岡山).
CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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