Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan
Date: 03-31-05 19:40
ŅāVIĖ
014 The story of Mao Zedong 毛澤東的故事
革命不是請客吃飯﹐不是做文章﹐不是繪畫繡花﹐不能那樣雅致﹐
那樣從容不進﹐文盾彬彬﹐那樣溫良恭儉讓。革命是暴動﹐是一
個階級推翻一個階級的暴烈的行動。
A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture,
or doing embroidery; it cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle,
so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution
is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.
By Mao Zedong
------------------------------------------------------------
During his six months studied at the school for Xiangxiang students in Changsha,
Mao Zedong read his first newspaper called Min Li Bao (民立報) which was
a nationalist revolutionary journal. In it Mao Zedong read about the Guangzhou
(廣州) anti-Manzhou revolution and the death of the 72 revolutionary martyrs
[*1]. Mao Zedong was very proud to read that the revolution was led by a
Hunanese (湖南人) named Huang Xing (黃興 1874 to 1916) although it had failed
miserably. Min Li Bao was edited Yu Youren (于右仁) who later became a famous
member of the Kuomintang (國民黨). It was the first time that Mao Zedong
read about Dr. Sun Yat-se (孫中山) and the program of the Tong Meng Hui
(同盟會) or Brotherhood Society [*2].
There were full of stimulating materials in Min Li Bao and Mao Zedong read
them all in the issued that he possessed. He was so impressed with Min Li
Bao and agitated by the political events sweeping the country that he wrote
an article and pasted it on the school wall. It was a muddled article. In
the article Mao Zedong admired Kang Youwei (康有為) and Liang Qichao (梁
啟超) and advocated that Dr. Sun Yat-sen must be called back from Japan
and to become the President of the New Government and that Kang Youwei be
made the Prime Minister and Liang Qichao the Foreign Minister. At that time
Mao Zedong did not know the differences between Sun Ya-sen and Kang Youwei
as well as Liang Qichao.
On October 9, 1911, a bomb accidentally exploded in the Hankou (漢口) headquarters
of a local revolutionary group. The Qing Government conducted an investigation
that led to the arrest of several revolutionists who were promptly executed.
A membership list of the revolutionary party fell into the hands of the Manzhou
agents. On the next day, October 10, the revolutionists, whose names were
in the membership list, belonging to the New Model Army troops in Wuchang
(武昌) raised the revolutionary banner and forced their commander, Li Yuanhong
(黎元洪) to assume leadership. They revolted against the Qing Government.
Within the next two days the rebel forces had seized control of the cities
of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang (漢陽) in Hubei province (湖北省).
Actually the Wuchang uprising had originally been planned for the end of
November 1911, on the birthday of the Empress Dowager (The mother of the
Emperor Xuan Tong). Those revolutionaries in the 49th and 50th Brigades
of the New Model Army, and whose names were in the membership list which
had fallen into the hands of the Manzhou agents, decided to rebel on October
10 because they would sure be arrested soon.
The revolution spread to other parts of China. When Nanjing (南京 in Jiangsu
province 江蘇省) fell into revolutionists hands, they proclaimed Nanjing
city as the seat of a new Provisional Government. When the Wuchang Revolution
broke out Dr. Sun Yat-sen was in USA. He returned to China on December 29,
1911 and was elected Provisional President of the Republic.
Explanation:
[*1] The Martyrdom of the Seventy Two 七十二烈士
On March 29, 1911, Huang Xing [**] led a group of about one hundred revolutionists
attempting to capture the Guangzhou Government Office (廣州衙門). Using
pistols and small bombs they dislodged the office guards and destroyed the
Government Office. The Qing Government troops launched a counter attack
to regain the Government Office. Huang Xing and his men resisted the Qing
troops for about five hours. When the battle was over, 43 of the revolutionists
were dead on the field. 29 were captured and they were promptly executed.
The remaining few, including Huang Xing, escaped. Huang Xing fled to Hong
Kong.
Huang Xing (黃興 1874 to 1916) was born in a village called Dong Xiang (東
鄉), east of the city of Changsha (長沙) of Hunan province (湖南省). His
father established a school in Changsha and he studied there until he was
19. He then enrolled at a school where the teaching was on western line.
Huang Xing had some knowledge of military matters and was a soldier by disposition.
He planned to lead an uprising in 1904. However, an informer informed his
plan to the police who arrived at his house to arrest him. Somehow he escaped
and fled to Japan where he met Dr. Sun Yat-sen.
In September 1905, when Dr Sun Yat-sen organized the Tong Meng Hui (同盟
會) or The League of Sworn Brothers, Huang Xing joined the new organization.
He returned to Hunan province to set up branches of Tong Meng Hui.
涼秋時節黃花黃﹐大好英雄返故鄉﹔
一手締造共和國﹐洞庭衡岳生榮光。
[*2] The formation of the Tong Meng Hui 同盟會的成立
Japan became the refuge of exiled reformers and rebels. There were thousands
of Chinese students studying in Japan. In September 1905 Dr. Sun Yat-sen
called for a meeting for patriotic students. In the meeting Dr Sun Yat-sen
proposed to form an organization to over throw the Qing Government. It was
unanimously accepted. The organization was named Tong Meng Hui. The objects
of this organization were:
[From the book by Lyon Sharman "SUN YAT-SEN
His Life and Its Meaning (A critical biography), first published in 1934]
(1) To overthrow the Manchu Government.
(2) To establish a republic.
(3) To conserve world-peace.
(4) To favour the nationalization of land.
(5) To favour cooperation between citizens of China and Japan.
(6) To entreat other Powers to act favourably toward China's
revolutionary movement
Four compact slogans:
(1) 驅除韃虜 Drive away the Tartars!
(2) 恢復中華 Recover China for the Chinese!
(3) 創立民國 Establish a republic!
(4) 平均地權 Equalize land-ownership!
CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
All rights reserved 01042005
|
|
The Asiawind forums are provided to you by
InTechTra Inc.