Author: CHUNG Yoon-Ngan
Date: 07-09-03 01:53
The Chronological Tables of Chinese History (12)
Zhou Dynasty
The State of Jin (晉國 c1106BC to 376BC ).
In c2205BC Si Wenming (姒文命) was elected the leader of the federated tribes. Si Wenming was known as Yu Di (禹帝) and he gave authority to the grandson of Yao Di (堯帝), a previously leader of the federated tribes, to rule a district called Tang (唐 present day north of Yi Cheng county 翼城縣 in Shanxi province 山西省) which was renamed the State of Tang (唐國). The offspring of the ruler of Tang continued to rule the State of Tang during the Dynasties of Xia (夏朝 c2205BC to c1766BC) and Shang (商朝 c1783BC to c1122BC).
In c1115BC, when Ji song (姬誦) became the second King of the Zhou Dynasty (周朝c1134BC to 256BC), the ruler of the State of Tang rebelled aginst the Zhou Dynasty. Ji Dan (姬旦), the regent and the uncle of Ji Song, led an army and crushed the rebellion. In c1106BC Ji Song not only conferred the heritable title of Hou (侯) or the Marquis to Ji Shuyu (姬叔虞) but also gave him the authority to rule the State of Tang.
Tang Shuyu was succeeded by his son Ji Xie (姬燮) as the ruler of Tang. Ji Xie relocated himself near a river called Jin Shui (晉水) and he renamed the State of Tang to the State of Jin (晉國), after the name of this river. The descendants of Ji Xie continued to rule the State of Jin
Nine generations after Tang Shuyu, Ji Fei (姬費) became the ruler of Jin. Ji Fei had two sons: the elder son was called Ji Chou (姬仇) and the younger son Ji Chengshi (姬成師). Ji Fei died in 782BC and Ji Chou was installed as the ruler who died in 746BC. His elder son Ji Bo (姬伯) became the ruler who ruled Jin until 738BC.
Ji Chengshi, the uncle of Ji Bo, was a very powerful official in the Jin Court. Ji Bo knew that sooner or later his uncle would kill him and grab the throne for himself. In order to save his own skin, in 742BC, Ji Bo relinquished a large part of the territory of Qu Wo district (曲 沃 in the northeast of present day Wen Xi county 文喜縣 of Shanxi province), almost half of the State, to his uncle. He even rewarded to his uncle the title of Bo (伯). Ji Chengshi became the ruler of Qu Wo.
In order to show his nephew, Ji Bo, that he was more powerful than him, Ji Chengshi purposely renamed his new domain as the State of Jin (晉國). By doing so, Ji Chengshi had created two States of Jin in the land. It would be very confusing for the citizens of the two States. To avoid confusion and to humble himself, Ji Bo voluntarily changed the name of his State from Jin to Yi (翼). Ji Bo also changed his official title from Jin Zhao Hou (晉昭侯) to Yi Zhao Hou (翼昭侯).
Four years later in 738BC Pan Fu (潘父), the Premier of Yi murdered Ji Bo. With the death of the ruler, Pan Fu thought that he had the power to do what he wanted to do. So Pan Fu planned to merge Yi with Jin. The people of Yi refused and they had Pan Fu killed and elected Ji Ping (姬平), the younger brother of Ji Bo, as the new ruler of Yi.
In 727BC the State of Jin attacked Yi and Ji Ping was killed in the battle. The people of Yi again elected a younger brother of Ji Ping called Ji Que (姬卻) as their new ruler. Immediately after he was elected as the ruler, Ji Que led his army and attacked Jin. However, the Yi forces were defeated and Ji Que fled to the State of Sui (隨國 present day Sui county 隨縣 in Hubei province 湖北省). Ji Guang (姬 光), who was the son of Ji Que, was installed the ruler of Yi. Ji Guang who was later killed by Jin.
Zhou King Huan (周桓王), who reigned from 719BC to 697BC, the central authority of the land, authorized Ji Min (姬 緡), the younger brother of Ji Guang, as the new ruler of Yi. Again in 679BC Jin invaded Yi and had Ji Min killed. Jin finally annexed Yi.
Zhou King Huan declared that the children of Ji Guang whose official title was Yi Ai Hou (翼哀侯) and Ji Min whose title was Yi Xiao Zi Hou (翼小子侯) to be allowed to emigrate to the Zhou capital, Cheng Zhou (成周 present day Luoyang 洛陽 city in Henan province 河南省). The children of Ji Guang and Ji Min settled down permanently in the capital.
The offspring of Ji Chengshi continued to rule the State of Jin until 376BC it was carved up by the three most powerful families in the State. They were the families of Zhao (趙), Wei (魏) and Han (韓). The territory of Jin was divided into three States: the State of Zhao (趙國), the State of Wei (魏國) and the State of Han (韓國).
The State of Jin had been in existence from 1106BC to 376BC and it had been
ruled by thirty eight rulers. The last ruler was called Ji Ju Sa (姬俱洒) and he was relegated as a commoner.
The chronology of the State of Jin
The surname of all the rulers was Ji (姬)
Name==================Title==============Period
(01) Shu Yu (叔虞)=======Tang Shu Yu (唐叔虞)=====1106BC to ?
(02) Xie (燮)===========Jin Hou (晉侯)===========Not Recorded
(03) Ning Zu (寧族)======Wu Hou (武侯)========== Not Recorded
(04) Fu Ren (服人)======Cheng Hou (成侯)========Not Recorded
(05) Fu (福)=========== Li Hou (厲侯)=========== Not Recorded
(06) Yi Jiu (宜臼)=======Jing Hou (靖侯)==========859BC to 842BC
(07) Si Tu (司徒)=======Xi Hou (釐侯)=========== 841BC to 824BC
(08) Ji (籍)===========Xian Hou (獻侯)==========823BC to 813BC
(09) Fei (費)==========Mu Hou (穆侯)===========812BC to 785BC
(10) Shang Shu (殤叔)===No title================784BC to 781BC
(11) Chou (仇)=========Wen Hou (文侯)=========780BC to 746BC
(12) Bo (伯)===========Zhao Hou (昭侯)======== 745BC to 740BC
(13) Ping (平)========= Xiao Hou (孝侯)=========739BC to 724BC
(14) Que (卻)==========E Gong (鄂公)==========723BC to 718BC
(15) Guang (光)========Ai Hou (哀侯)========== 717BC to 710BC
(16) Xiao Zi (小子)===== Xiao Zi Hou (小子侯)=====709BC to 707BC
(17) Min (湣)==========Min Hou (湣侯)========= 706BC to 679BC
(18) Chen (稱)======== Wu Gong (武公)=========678BC to 677BC
(19) Gui Zhu (詭諸)=====Xian Gong (獻公)========676BC to 651BC
(20) Yi Wu (夷吾)====== Hui Gong (惠公)=========650BC to 638BC
(21) Yu (圉)========== Huai Gong (懷公)======== 637BC to 637BC
(22) Zhong Er (重耳)=== Wen Gong (文公)======== 636BC to 628BC
(23) Huan (歡)========Xiang Gong (襄公)========627BC to 621BC
(24) Yi Gao (夷皋)=====Ling Gong (靈公)========= 620BC to 607BC
(25) Hei Tun (黑臀)==== Cheng Gong (成公)======= 606BC to 600BC
(26) Ju (據)========== Jing Gong (景公)========= 599BC to 581BC
(27) Shou Man (壽曼)===Li Gong (厲公)===========580BC to 573BC
(28) Zhou (周)=========Dao Gong (悼公)=========572BC to 558BC
(29) Biao (彪)=========Ping Gong (平公)=========557BC to 532BC
(30) Yi (夷)===========Zhao Gong (昭公)=========531BC to 526BC
(31) Qu Ji (去疾)====== Qing Gong (頃公)========= 525BC to 512BC
(32) Wu (午)==========Ding Gong (定公)========= 511BC to 475BC
(33) Cuo (錯)========= Chu Gong (出公)==========474BC to 456BC
(34) Jiao (驕)========= Ai Gong (哀公)=========== 455BC to 434BC
(35) Liu (柳)========== You Gong (幽公)========== 433BC to 416BC
(36) Zhi (止)========== Lie Gong (烈公)===========415BC to 389BC
(37) Qi (頎)===========Huan Gong (桓公)========= 388BC to 372BC
(38) Ju Sa (俱洒)====== Jing Gong (靜公)========== 376BC to 376BC
From the book
"The Origin of Chinese Surnames"
Written in English by CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
First published in September 2000
ISBN 1 8767663
CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
All rights reserved 09072003
Yoon-Ngan
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