Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan
Date: 04-18-12 22:04
中國姓氏故事 - 錢姓
入山不怕傷人虎,---Ru4 shan bu4 pa4 shang ren2 hu3,
只怕人情兩面刀.---Zhi3 pa4 ren2 qing2 liang3 mian4 dao.
Going into the mountain I am not afraid of the dangerous tiger,
But I am afraid of double-dealers
A Chinese proverb
-------------------------------------------
Surname QIAN (錢姓)
Qian means: cash; money.
The surname Qian is about 2,800 years old.
The surname Qian originated in an area referred to during the Han Dynasty
(漢朝206BC to 220AD) as the Pengcheng prefecture (彭城郡). The present day
location of Pengcheng prefecture is the city of Xuzhou (徐州), 117.5 degree
East and 34.4 degree North on the world map, in Jiangsu province (江蘇省
).
Lu Zhong (路終), an eighth generation descendant of Huangdi (黃帝) or the
Yellow Emperor, had six sons and the third one was called Jian Keng (籛鏗
). During the Xia Dynasty (夏朝 2205BC to 1766BC) Jian Keng was given the
authority to rule a district called Dapeng (大彭) which is the present day
city of Xuzhou (徐州) in Jiangsu province. Jian Keng adopted Peng (彭) as
his surname and came to be known as Peng Keng (彭鏗).
During the Shang Dynasty (商朝 1783BC to 1122BC), an offspring of Peng Keng
was an official in the Shang Court. In 1534BC, he was ordered by the 10th
King, Shang He Danjia (商河亶甲王1534BC to 1526BC) to lead an expeditionary
force to pacify the rebellious Pei Tribe (邳族) in the north. Peng Keng
did a successful job and had the Pei Tribe crushed. King He Danjia rewarded
him the heritable title of Bo (伯) and Peng Keng was known as Peng Bo (彭
伯) or the Earl of Peng.
King He Danjia died in 1526BC and was succeeded by his eldest son who was
crowned Shang King Zu Yi (商祖乙王). The following year, King Zu Yi relocated
the Earl of Peng to an area called Xing (邢 in the present day county of
Xingtai 邢台縣 in Hebei province 河北省).
During the reign of Shang King Wu Ding (商武丁王1324BC to 1275BC), the 20th
King of the Shang Dynasty, the Earl of Peng pledged loyalty to the leader
of the State of Shiwei (豕韋國 in the present day county of Hua 滑縣 in
Henan province 河南省). King Wu Ding was furious and in 1282BC dispatched
a punitive force, and had the district of Dapeng and the State of Shiwei
subjugated.
During the Zhou Dynasty (周朝1134BC to 256BC), in 878BC, Ji Hu (姬胡) became
the 10th King and was crowned Zhou King Li (周厲王) who reigned until 842BC.
Zhou King Li was an extravagant and showy man, who loved money so much
that he took advantage of his position as the ruler of the country to enrich
himself.
Zhou King Li employed Peng Fu (彭孚), a descendant of Peng Keng, as a Qian
Guan (錢官) or officer in charge of money. Zhou King Li also entrusted power
to a financier called Rong Yigong (榮姨公) who advised him to nationalize
all the businesses in the country.
During that time, the members of the Zhou royal family monopolized all the
businesses in the country. They were against Zhou King Li's policy of nationalization.
Zhou King Li employed secret police to implement his policy, arresting
anyone who dared to criticize the King.
Eventually, in 842BC, a revolt broke out by members of the royal family.
Rong Yigong was killed in the turmoil. Zhou King Li fled to the west and
settled down in a place called Zhiyi (彘邑 the present day county of Huo
霍縣 in Shanxi province 山西省). Zhou King Li established a pig farm and
lived there until he died in 828BC.
Peng Fu, the officer in charge of money, was dismissed as a Qian Guan. He
gave his children the surname QIAN (錢) in remembrance of his official position.
Thus surnames Peng (彭) and Qian came from the same ancestor Peng Keng.
The couplet of surname Qian
姓啟彭孚,---Xing4 qi3 Peng Fu
族出彭城.---Zu2 chu Peng Cheng.
The progenitor of the surname was Peng Fu
The clan originated from Pengcheng
----------------------------------------------
Prominent persons produced by QIAN Clan
(1) Qian Liu (錢鏐 852AD to 932AD)
Qian Liu was the founder of the Kingdom of Wu Yue (吳越 907AD to 978AD)
during the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十國 907AD to
979AD). His capital was in Qiantang (錢塘 in the present day HangZhou 杭
州) in Zhejian province (浙江省). He ruled the Kingdom from 907AD until
he died in 932AD. After seven rulers, the Kingdom of Wu Yue was subjugated
by the Song Dynasty (宋朝 960AD to 1279AD).
...........................................................
(2) Qian Qi (錢起 710AD to 780AD)
Qian Qi was born in Wuxing county (吳興縣) of Zheiang province (浙江省)
during the Tang Dynasty (唐朝 618AD to 907AD). He passed the Imperial Examination
during the reign of Emperor Xuan Zong Li Longji (玄宗皇帝李隆基 713AD to
755AD) and was appointed as a official. Qian Qi was a learned man and was
recognized by the people as one of the ten scholars during that time. He
was the author of many books and the most popular one was "錢考功集 Qian
Kao Gong Ji"
錢起之詩 A poem by Qian Qi (710AD to 780AD) (to Surname No.2 QIAN (錢)
暮春歸故山草堂
Going back to my native hall in late spring
谷口春殘黃鳥稀,---Gukou(*1A) chun can2 huang2 niao3 xi,
辛夷花盡杏花飛.---Xinyi hua(*2B) jin4 xing4 hua fei.
始憐幽竹山窗下,---Shi3 lian2 you zhu2 shan chuang xia4,
不改清陰待我歸.---Bu4 gai qing yin dai4 wo3 gui.
......................................................................
The explanations in plain Chinese and English.
(1) 谷口的春天已殘盡, 黃鶯鳥也日漸稀少[1A].
It is late spring in Gukou and every day there are less and less orioles
in the area,
(2) 辛夷花凋盡之後, 杏花又接著飄飛.
After the withering of the lily magnolia flowers the apricot flowers also
begin to drop.
(3) 這時候, 我才愛惜起山窗下那片深茂的綠竹.
At this time, I begin to cherish the green bamboo grove that grows near
my window facing the mountain.
(4) 它仍舊是密葉成蔭地等待我的歸來.
The bamboo leaves remain thick and green awaiting for my return.
Notes:
(*1A) Gukou (谷口)
It is in the present day northwest Jingyang county (涇陽縣) in Shaanxi
province (陝西省).
(*2B)
辛夷花 (xinyi hua)
Another name of lily magnolia (xinyi hua 辛夷花) is winter jasmine. It is
also known by the Southern Chinese as (迎春花).
Further note:
春來, 鳥啼花開. When spring is here the birds are singing and the flowers
blooming.
春去, 花落鳥稀. When spring is gone the flowers are withering and there
are less birds.
.........................................................
(3) Qian Daxin (錢大昕 1728AD to 1804AD)
Qian Daxin was born in Jiading county (嘉定縣) of Jiangsu province (江蘇
省). He passed the Imperial Examinations during the reign of the Emperor
Qian Long (乾隆皇帝 1736AD to 1795AD). He was a scholar and a educationist.
He was the principal of Zhongshan College (鐘山書院), Ziyang College (紫
陽書院) and LouDong College (婁東書院). He did a textual research on Chinese
History of 22 Dynasties.
----------------------------------------
Note:
Surname QIAN (錢姓) is the 96th most common Chinese surname in the world.
Posted to asiawind.com
By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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