Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan
Date: 04-18-12 01:49
中國姓氏故事 - 朱姓
萬事勸人休瞞昧,---Wan4 shi4 quan4 ren2 xiu man mei4,
舉頭三尺有神明.---Ju3 tou2 san chi3 you3 shen2 ming2.
When giving advice to people one should not deceive them,
As there is Heaven above one's head.
許多事情告訴人們不要背著人做昧良心的事﹐
天上的神靈對這一切都是一清二楚的。
A Chinese proverb
............................................................................
Surname ZHU (朱姓)
Zhu means: red; scarlet.
The surname Zhu is about 2,300 years old.
The surname Zhu originated in an area referred to during the Han Dynasty
(漢朝 206BC to 220AD) as the Pei prefecture (沛郡). The present day location
of Pei prefecture is Xiao county (蕭縣 116.9 degree East and 34.2 degree
North, on the world map) of Jiangsu province (江蘇省).
A descendant of Huangdi (黃帝) or the Yellow Emperor, the legendary leader
of the united clans before the formation of kingdoms, by the name of Cao
Jia (曹 挾), was one of the many people who had helped Ji Fa (姬發), the
leader of the Zhou Clan (周族), to destroy the Shang Dynasty (商朝1783BC
to 1122BC). Ji Fa established the Zhou Dynasty (周朝 1134BC to 256BC) and
was installed as Zhou King Wu (周武王), the first King. Zhou King Wu not
only rewarded Cao Jia the inheritable title of Zi (子爵) or Viscount but
also gave him the authority to rule a district called Zhu (邾 present day
Zou 陬 village in the southeast of Qufu county 曲阜縣 in Shandong province
山東省). District Zhu was renamed the State of Zhu (邾國) which was nicknamed
Xiao Zhu (小邾) or little Zhu through out the history.
At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋時間 722BC to 481BC),
in 718BC, the ruler of Zhu formed an alliance with the State of Zheng (鄭
國 present day Xinzheng 新鄭 city in Henan province 河南省). Together they
invaded the State of Song (宋國 present day Shangqiu county 商丘縣 in Henan
province). The combined forces were defeated by the Song forces.
Other than this incursion the people of Zhu lived peacefully and happily.
However, 230 years later in 487BC Cao Yi (曹益) became the leader of Zhu.
He was a wicked and cruel ruler. In order to punish Cao Yi the neighbouring
State of Lu (魯國 present day Qufu county 曲阜縣 in Shandong province 山
東省) invaded Zhu and captured Cao Yi who was imprisoned in Lu for one year.
While Cao Yi was in captivity Zhu was leaderless. The ruler of another neighbouring
the State of Wu (吳國 present day Wu county 吳縣 in Jiangsu province 江蘇
省) installed Cao Ge (曹革), the son of Cao Yi, as the new ruler of Zhu.
The following year Cao Yi was released. As soon as he returned home he dismissed
his son as the ruler of Zhu. He proclaimed that he was the ruler again.
He did not repent but continued to be wicked and cruel. He believed that
the State of Wu was backing him in whatever he was embarking. However, the
State of Wu could not tolerate his bad behaviour and invaded Zhu and captured
him. He was imprisoned for the second time. His son Cao Ge became the ruler
of Zhu the second time.
In 473BC when the State of Wu was conquered and annexed by the State of
Yue (越國 present day Zhuji county 諸暨縣 in Zhejiang province 浙江省) Cao
Yi was released by Si Goujian (姒勾踐), the ruler of Yue. Cao Yi returned
home and expelled his son Cao Ge the second time and became the ruler of
Zhu, the third time.
Again Cao Yi did not repent but continued to behaviour badly. He was as
wicked and cruel as before. The ruler of Yue could not tolerate him and
imprisoned him for life. The ruler of Yue installed his other son, Cao He
(曹和) as the new ruler of Zhu. Cao He changed the name of his State from
the State of Zhu to the State of Zou (鄒國) since Zhu and Zou had the same
pronunciation in Yue dialect.
During the period of Warring States (戰國時代 453BC to 221BC) in 372BC Mencius
was born in the State of Zou. Mencius was a great philosopher and an ardent
champion of Confucianism.
In 310BC State of Zou was conquered and annexed by the State of Chu (楚國
present day Jiangling county 江陵縣 in Hubei province 湖北省). Some of
the royal members of Zou adopted Zou (鄒) as their surname. However, one
of the children of the last ruler of the State of Zou fled south and founded
a new State in 311BC. He named his new domain as the State of Zhu (邾國),
the original name of the old State before it was changed to Zou. Thus he
revived the State of Zhu.
In 281BC, the State of Chu conquered and annexed the new State of Zhu which
disappeared into the mists of history for good. The children of the last
ruler of Zhu adopted ZHU (朱), not Zhu (邾), the name of their state, as
their surname.
Parenthetically, this Zhu is written without the radical "big ear" on the
right. They argued that since they had lost their State, their surname Zhu
should be without the radical big ear on the right. ("Big ear" is equivalent
to the radical Yi (邑) which means town or city or place.)
The couplet for surname Zhu is:
紫陽門第, Ziyang men2 di4,
沛國家聲. Peiguo jia sheng
Our family status is Ziyang,
And our family reputation is Peiguo.
Note:
Ziyang 紫陽 refers to the title of Zhu Xi 朱熹 [A famous Song 宋 poet 1130AD
to 1200AD].
Peiguo 沛國 is the place of the origin of surname Zhu.
The prominent persons produced by the Zhu Clan,
--------------------------------------
(1) 朱元璋 (Zhu Yuanzhang 1328AD to 1398AD)
Zhu Yuanzhang was born into a very poor farming family in Haozhou (濠州)
of Jiangsu province (江蘇省), during the Yuan Dynasty (元朝 1206AD to 1368AD)
. When he was a boy he studied for a few months in the village private school.
As his family was so poor that his father, Zhu Wusi (朱五四), had to stop
him from going to school. Zhu Yuanzhang became a shepherd boy looking after
the neighbour's cows.
In 1344AD, his parents and elder brother all died of epidemic diseases when
he was seventeen years old. He had no means and land to bury them. Luckily,
Liu Jizu (劉繼祖), his neighbour gave him a piece of land to bury them.
As he had no relatives to go to he became a monk in a temple called Huang
Jiao (皇覺).
During the years between 1348AD to 1353AD, many groups of people organized
throughout the country for the sole purpose of fostering against the Mongols
- Yuan Dynasty. There was an armed band called the Red Turban, so called
from the head-dress adopted by its members. The Red Turban was controlled
by Guo Zixing (郭子興). Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Red Turban.
As Zhu Yuanzhang was tall, brave, smart and intelligence Guo Zixing appointed
him as a leader of a squad. As he excelled in battles Guo Zixing adored
him and wanted Zhu Yuanzhang to be near him at all times and to give him
advice. The Red Turban snowballed and grew into a large army. Eventually,
Zhu Yuanzhang married Guo Zixing's adopted daughter Ma Shi (馬士).
In the third month of 1355AD Guo Zixing died of illness. Zhu Yuanzhang became
the leader of the Red Turban Army. Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty
and in 1368AD he founded the Ming Dynasty (明朝 1368AD to 1644AD). He installed
himself as Emperor Tai Zu (太祖) and established his capital in Yingtianfu
(應天府 the present day city of Nanjing 南京市 in Zhejiang province 浙江
省).
一統江山明社稷=Yi tong jiang shan Ming she ji
The land is unified as the country of Ming.
-------------------------------------------------
(2) 朱德 (Zhu De 1886AD to 1976AD)
太行浩氣傳千古﹔猛士如雲唱大風
Written by Zhu De (朱德)
Zhu De, the commander-in-chief of the Chinese Red Army, the present day
People Liberation Army (PLA), was born in 1886 into a poor farmer family
in Yi county (義縣) of Sichuan province (四川省). He studied the Chinese
classic for six years in his home village school. He was a primary school
teacher before he enrolled in the Military College of Yunnan province (雲
南講武堂). After his graduation he joined the army under the command of
Cai E (蔡鍔) who appointed him a Lieutenant. Zhu De took part in the revolution
against the Qing Government (清朝). He rose to the rank of Colonel when
the Republic of China was established. After the death of Cai E he became
the commander of the police force in the province of Yunnan.
In 1921 Zhu De went to study Social Science in Germany. In Germany he met
Zhou Enlai (周恩來), Deng Xiaoping (鄧小平) and many others who later became
the leaders in the Chinese Communist Party.
He returned to China and joined the army and its commander was Zhang Fakui
(張發奎). He took part in the Nanchang Uprising (南昌起義) on the First
of August 1927. After the collapse of the uprising Zhu De led his forces
and retreated to Swatow (汕頭 Shantou) in Guangdong province (廣東省). Later,
they were driven out of Swatow and they withdrew to the provinces of Jiangxi
(江西省) and then to Hunan (湖南省).
On September 8, 1927 Mao Zedong (毛澤東) led a group of peasants and staged
an uprising called the Autumn Harvest Uprising (秋收暴動) in Hunan province
(湖南省). The following month Mao Zedong congregated the remnants of the
uprising of about 800 men and 80 rifles. They climbed the Jinggangshan (井
崗山) with the goal of establishing a revolutionary base in these mountains.
In April 1928 Zhu De (朱德), leading the remnant of his force of about 2,000
men, arrived in Jinggangshan and joined forces with Mao Zedong. Together,
there were about 4,000 of them in the region that could hardly support such
a large force.
In January 1929 Mao Zedong and Zhu De shifted their base to the region between
the provinces of Jiangxi and Fujian (福建省). A Chinese Soviet Republic
was established on 7 November, 1931. Ruijin (瑞金), south of Jiangxi province,
was the capital of the Soviet Republic. The Chairman of the Soviet Republic
was Mao Zedong (毛澤東). The Vice Chairmen were Xiang Ying (項英) and Zhang
Guotao (張國濤). The commander-in-chief of the Red Army was Zhu De (朱德
).
On October 16, 1934 the Red Army of about 100,000 began the Long March.
The Red Army trekked through 11 provinces and walked for 6,000 miles before
they arrived at Yanan (延安) near the Great Wall in Shaanxi province (陜
西省) on October 20, 1935.
Eventually Zhu De became the commander-in-chief of the Chinese Liberation
Army and helped Mao Zedong to liberate China in 1949.
----------------------------------------------
(3) Zhu Xi (朱熹 1130AD to 1200AD)
Zhu Xi was born in the present day county of Wuyuan (婺源縣 in Jiangxi province
江西省), during the Song Dynasty (宋朝 960AD to 1279AD). In 1148AD, during
the reign of Emperor Gao Zong Zhu Gou (高宗皇帝朱構 1127AD to 1162AD), he
passed the Imperial Examination and became a graduated scholar (Jin Shi
進士) and was appointed an official. Zhu Xi was the most famous theorist
and educationist in the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋). He had written many
books and the most famous one is the book on explanation of the Four Classical
Book (四書).
This is a poem from his book Shi Ji Chuan (詩集傳):
雨後池上
一雨池塘水面平﹐ Yi yu3 chi2 tang2 shui3 mian4 ping2,
淡磨明鏡照檐楹。 Dan4 mo ming2 jing4 zhao4 yan2 ying2.
東風忽起垂楊舞﹐ Dong feng hu qi3 chui2 yang2 wu3
更作荷心萬點聲。 Geng zuo4 he2 xin wan4 dian3 sheng.
After the rain the surface of the pond was clam,
Like a clear mirror shining on the house front door.
Suddenly an eastern gust, making the branches of the poplar tree danced,
And trembled the lotus flowers like whispering.
-------------------------------------------------
Note:
Surname ZHU (朱姓) is the 13th most common Chinese surname in the world.
Posted to asiawind.com
By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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