Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan
Date: 04-11-12 09:05
中國姓氏故事 - 廖姓
飽漢不知餓人飢,---Bao3 han4 bu4 zhi e4 ren2 ji,
富人不知窮人苦.---Fu4 ren2 bu4 zhi qiong2 ren2 ku3.
The well-fed don't know how the starving suffer,
The rich don't know how the poor struggle.
A Chinese proverb
---------------------------------------------
Surname LIAO (廖姓)
Liao means: a Chinese surname.
The surname Liao is about 3,000 years old.
The surname Liao originated in an area referred to during the Han Dynasty
(漢朝 206BC to 220AD) as the Ruyang prefecture (汝陽郡). The present day
location of Ruyang prefecture is in an area about 60 kilometers southeast
of Runan county (汝南縣 114.3 degree East and 33.0 degree North on the world
map) in Henan province (河南省).
Zhou King Wu (周武王) destroyed the Shang Dynasty (商朝1783BC to 1122BC)
and established the Zhou Dynasty (周朝 1134BC to 250BC). He claimed that
he was the "Tian Zi" (天子 Son of Heaven) and he had the "Tian Ming" (天
命 Mandate of Heaven) to destroy the preceding wicked Shang Dynasty. Zhou
King Wu also claimed he was the mediator between man and nature. As a result
of this proclamation all the future Kings and Emperors (the title Emperor
was first in used in 221BC by Ying Zheng 嬴政, the No. 37th ruler of the
State of Qin. He titled himself the First Emperor of Qin 秦始皇帝 [Qin
Shi Huang Di]) called themselves the "Son of Heaven" and that they possessed
the "Mandate of Heaven" to do so. Zhou King Wu also proclaimed that the
rules of inheritance should be from father to son and not from brother to
brother like the preceding Shang Dynasty.
Zhou King Wu now controlled a vast country. The primitive communications
at that time made it impossible to govern such a big country efficiently
from a centralized authority. Instead Zhou King Wu gave the authority to
relatives, officials, generals and aristocrats to rule on his behalf.
Zhou King Wu created five titles to honour his relatives and followers:
(1) Gong (公) the Duke; (2) Hou (侯) the Marquis; (3) Bo (伯) the Count
or Earl
(4) Zi (子) the Viscount; (5) Nan (男) the Baron
Zhou King Wu had many brothers and they had all assisted him in overthrowing
the preceding Dynasty. One of them was Duo Bo Liao (多伯廖) whom Zhou King
Wu employed as a high-ranking official. Zhou King Wu bestowed upon Duo Bo
Liao the title of Bo or Count. Duo Bo Liao came to be known as Liao Bo (廖
伯) or Count Liao. After Zhou King Wu died in 1116BC his 12 years old son
Ji Song (姬誦) succeeded him and was crowned Zhou King Cheng (周成王 1115BC
to 1179BC). Count Liao continued to serve in the Zhou Court and helped the
new King to govern the fledging Zhou empire. Count Liao's offspring adopted
LIAO (廖) as their surname in remembrance of him.
The couplet of surname Liao:
宗開廖伯,---Zong2 kai Liao Bo
望出汝陽.---Wang4 chu Ruyang
The progenitor of surname Liao was Liao Bo,
The Liao clan began to spread from Ruyang.
.............................................................
Historical prominent persons produced by the Liao clan include:
(1) Liao Zhong Kai (廖仲凱 1877AD to 1925AD)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liao_Zhongkai
The ancestors of Liao Zhongkai was from Huiyang county (惠陽縣) in Guangdong
province (廣東省). Liao Zhongkai was born in USA. At the age of 17 he returned
to China. Then he went to Japan to study economic. In September 1905, in
Tokyo, Japan, Dr Sun Yat-sen (孫中山) founded the Tung Meng Hui (同盟會)
or The League of Sworn Brothers. Liao Zhongkai joined the League and eventually
helped Dr. Sun to overthrow the Qing Government (清朝).
After the establishment of the Republic of China Liao Zhongkai was appointed
the Minister of Finance and later the Governor of Guangdong province. Dr.
Sun Yat-sen died of cancer on 12 March 1925. Liao Zhongkai was assassinated
on 25 August 1925 by his political opponents.
....................................................................
(2) Liao Hua (廖化 ? to 264AD)
Liao Hua was born in Xiangyang county (襄陽縣 in present day Hubei province
湖北省). During the period of the Three Kingdoms (三國時代 220AD to 265AD)
Liao Hua was the Chief Accountant (主簿) to Guan Yu (關羽), the general
and the sworn brother of Liu Bei (劉備), ruler of Shu Kingdom (蜀國 221AD
to 263AD). In 219AD Guan Yu was killed in Mai Cheng (麥城 in present Dang
Yang county 當陽縣 in Hubei province). Lioa Hua defected to Sun Quan (孫
權), the ruler of Wu Kingdom (吳國 229AD to 280AD). Liao Hua was not well
treated in Wu Kingdom and was despised by Sun Quan. In order to escape from
Wu Kingdom Liao Hua pretended to be dead. Eventually, he fled to Shu Kingdom
and Liu Bei appointed him a general
................................................................
(3) The Liao brothers and the Liao father and son.
兄弟雙進士;---Xong di4 shuang Jinshi
父子兩畫家.---Fu4 zi4 liang3 hua4 jia.
The two brothers are scholars,
Father and son are artists.
The first line (兄弟雙進士) is about the two brothers who were Liao Shoufeng
(廖壽豐) and Liao Shouheng (廖壽恆). They were from Jiading county (嘉定
縣) in Jiangsu province (江蘇省). During the reign of Emperor Tong Zhi (同
治皇帝 1862AD to 1874AD) of the Qing Dynasty (清朝1644AD to 1912AD). The
two brothers passed the Imperial Examinations at the same time and became
the scholars (進士).
The second line (父子兩畫家) is about Liao Yuncha (廖雲槎) and his third
son, Liao Shoupeng (廖壽彭). They were the famous artists during the Qing
Dynasty (清朝 1644AD to 1911AD).
............................................................
Note:
Surname LIAO (廖姓) is the 61st most common Chinese surname in the world.
Posted to asiawind.com
By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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