Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan
Date: 04-11-12 02:57
中國姓氏故事 - 崔姓
順風放火火燒人,---Shun4 feng fang4 huo3 shao ren2,
豈料風回燒自身.---Qi3 liao4 feng hui2 shao zi4 shen.
Starting a fire in the direction of wind is a good way to burn others,
But one will be surprised how often the fire comes back to burn oneself.
A Chinese proverb
-------------------------------------------------------------
Surname CUI (崔姓)
Cui means: the peak of a hill; a Chinese surname.
The surname Cui is about 3,000 years old.
The surname Cui originated in an area referred to during the Jin Dynasty
(晉朝 265AD to 420AD) as the Boling prefecture (博陵郡). The present day
location of Boling prefecture is in Anping county (安平縣, 115.6 degree
East and 38.2 degree North on the world map) of Hebei province (河北省).
In 1122, Zhou King Wu (周武王) destroyed the Shang Dynasty (商朝 1783BC
to 1122BC) and established the Zhou Dynasty (周朝1134BC to 256BC). Zhou
King Wu awarded the heritable title of Hou (侯) or Marquis to General Jiang
Ziya (姜子牙), who was the commander-in-chief of the Zhou armed forces.
Zhou King Wu also gave him the authority to rule a large district called
Yingqiu (營丘 the present day near Linzi county 臨淄縣 of Shandong 山東
province) which was renamed as the State of Qi (齊國). General Jiang became
the ruler of the State of Qi and was known as Qi Tai Hou (齊太侯).
Jiang Ziya died of old age and his son, Jiang Ji (姜伋), succeeded him as
the ruler of Qi. After the death of Jiang Ji, his eldest son, Jiang Jizi
(姜季子), was supposed to succeed him, but he refused to become the new
ruler. Instead Jiang Jizi recommended his younger brother Jiang Shuyi (姜
叔乙) to become the new ruler of Qi.
After he had become the ruler of Qi, Jiang Shuyi gave authority to his eldest
brother Jiang Jizi to rule a district called Cui (崔 present day northeast
of Zhangqiu county 章丘縣 of Shandong province). The descendants of Jiang
Jizi lived there permanently and adopted CUI as their surname.
Cui Zhu (崔杼), who was a descendant of Jiang Jizi, was a high-ranking official
in the Qi Court. The ruler of Qi was Jiang Guang (姜光), who ruled Qi from
553BC to 548BC. During a political struggle Cui Zhu killed Jiang Guang and
installed Jiang Chu Jiu (姜杵臼) as the new ruler. However, in 546BC in
the district of Cui, the power base of Cui Zhu, was destroyed by Qing Feng
(慶封), an official of Qi Court. Cui Zhu committed suicide and the rest
of the family of Cui Zhu fled to the State of Lu (魯國present day Qu Fu
county 曲阜縣 of Shandong province).
Cui Yi Ru (崔意如), a descendant of Cui Zhu, was an official during the
Qin Dynasty (秦朝 221BC to 207BC). During the Han Dynasty (漢朝 206BC to
220AD) Cui Ye (崔業), the eldest son of Cui Yi Ru, relocated his family
and settled down in a place called Wu Cheng (武城), east of Qing He county
(清河縣 present day northeast of Qing He county of Hebei province 河北省
). Cui Zhong Mou (崔仲牟), the younger brother of Cui Ye immigrated to Anping
county (安平縣) in Boling Prefecture (博陵郡 ) where surname Cui is said
to have originated.
The couplet of surname Cui
出自姜姓---Chu zi4 Jiang xing4,
望族博陵---Wang4 chu Boling
The surname Cui was evolved from surname Jiang,
And its clan began to spread from Boling Prefecture.
...................................................................
The prominent persons produced by the Cui clan,
(1)
Cui Hao (崔顥 ? to 754AD)
Cui Hao was from the present day city of Kaifeng (開封) in Henan province
(河南省). He passed the Imperial Examinations and graduated as a Jinshi
(進士) during the reign of Emperor Xuan Zong, Li Longji (玄宗皇帝李隆基
713AD to 755AD). He was appointed a high ranking official. He was also a
famous poet. This is his famous poem titled,
黃鶴樓 Huang He Lou (The Pavilion of the Yellow Crane)
昔人已乘黃鶴去,---Xi ren2 yi3 cheng2 huang2 he4 qu4,
此地空餘黃鶴樓.---Ci3 di4 kong4 yu2 Huanghelou[1].
黃鶴一去不復返,---Huang2 he4 yi qu4 bu4 fu4 fan3,
白雲千戴空悠悠.---Bai2 yun2 qian2 dai4 kong4 you you.
晴川歷歷漢陽樹,---Qing2 chuan li4 li4 Hanyang[2] shu4,
芳草萋萋鸚鵡洲.---Fang cao3 qi qi Yingwuzhou[3].
日暮鄉關何處是?--Ri4 mu4 xiang guan he2 chu3 shi4?
煙波江上使人愁.---Yan bo jiang shang4 shi3 ren2 chou2.
The explanations in plain Chinese and English.
(1) 從前的仙人[1A], 已經乘著黃鶴去了,
The ancient immortal had flown off with the yellow crane,
(2) 這裏只空空地留下一座黃鶴樓[2B].
There was only the Huanghelou building left behind.
(3) 那黃鶴一去之後, 便不再回轉來,
Once the yellow crane left it did not return,
(4) 只有白雲經過了千年, 還是很長久的在天上飄浮著.
Only the white clouds were floating up in the sky for thousands of years.
(5) 在晴天﹐在這裏可以很顯明的看見漢陽[3C] 那邊的樹木,
When the sky is clear I can see clearly the trees in Hanyang,
(6) 更可見到芳草生得很茂盛的鸚鵡州[4D] 地方.
I can also see the exuberant grass in the Yingwuzhou.
(7) 傍晚時候﹐望不見我的故鄉在那裏?
In the evening, I cannot see where my hometown is?
(8) 只見到有煙霧和波浪的江上, 徒然使我發愁罷了.
I see only the smoke, fog and the waves on the river that make me sad.
Notes:
[1A] Legend had it the the immortal was Fei Wenyi (費文禕) who lived in
Wuchang (武昌) who rode the yellow crane and vanished in the sky.
[2B] Huanghelou (黃鶴樓 The Yellow Crane Building) is in the present day
county of Wuchang (武昌縣) in Hubei province (湖北省)
[3C] Hanyang (漢陽) is the city of Hanyang in Hubei province.
[4D] Yingwuzhou (鸚鵡州) is in the southwest in the city of Wuchang (武昌
市) of Hubei province.
Even the famous Tang poet Li Bai (李白) saluted his poem by writing a poem
called,
登黃鶴樓 Deng Huang He Lou. In his poem Li Bai saluted Cui Hao by mentioning
his name in the poem,
眼前有景道不得,---Yan3 qian2 you3 jing3 dao4 bu4 de2,
崔顥有詩在上頭.---Cui Hao you3 shi zai4 shang4 tou2
Before my eyes are the beautiful scenery that I cannot say,
As there are poems describing it by Cui Hao.
.............................................................................
In spring 1927 , Mao Zedong wrote a poem about HuanHeLou (黃鶴樓)
黃鶴樓 The Pavilion of the Yellow Crane (Written in Spring 1927)
茫茫九派流中國,---Mang2 mang2 jiu3 pai4 liu2 Zhongguo[*1],
沉沉一線穿南北.---Chen2 chen2 yi xian4 chuan nan2 bei3[**2].
煙雨莽蒼蒼,----------Yan yu3 mang3 cang cang,
龜蛇銷大江.----------Gui she2 xiao da4 jiang.[***3].
黃鶴知何去?--------Huang2 he4 zhi he2 qu4?
剩有遊人處.---------Sheng4 you3 you2 ren2 chu3.
把酒酹滔滔,---------Ba3 jiu3 lei tao tao,
心潮逐浪高!---------Xin chao2 zhu2 lang4 gao!
Wide, wide flow the nine streams through the land,
Dark, dark threads the line from south to north.
Blurred in the thick haze of the misty rain,
Tortoise and Snake hold the great river locked.
The yellow crane is gone, who knows whither?
Only this tower remains a haunt for visitors.
I pledge my wine to the surging torrent,
The tide of my heart swells with waves.
Source:
Mao Tsetung poems,
Foreign Language Press, Peking, 1976
[*1] 九派 jiu3 pai4
There are many tributaries from the provinces of Hunan and Hubei flow into
the Yangtze River that flows through China,
[**2] 一線 yi xian4
The railway lines from Beijing to Wuhan and then to Guangdong are like a
straight line that cuts through China.
[***3] 大江 da4 jiang
Changjiang (長江 or the Yangtze River)
In May 1921, Dr. Sun Yat-sen became the President of the Guangdong Government.
The Chinese Communist Party was founded in July 1921. In January 1924 the
Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) and the Chinese Communist Party formed a
United Front. A military academy called Whampoa Military Academy (黃埔軍校
) was established. Dr Sun Yat-sen directed Chiang Kaishek, who just returned
from Russia after three months tour, to be the Principal the the Military
Academy. Dr Sun Yat-sen died in Peking on 12 March 1925. On 30th May 1925
general strikes in Shanghai spread to other cities. In July 1926, the Northern
Expedition against the Warlords began under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek.
With the help of the Soviet Russian adviser Borodin Chiang Kai-shek's power
grew. The Kuomintang and the Communists launched the final stages of the
"Northern March" against the Warlords.
However, in July 1927, Chiang Kaishek betrayed the revolution and unleashed
the "White Terror" against the Communists. On 11th July 1927, the Northern
Expeditionary Army under the command of Chiang Kaishek began to disarm the
weapons of the revolutionary workers in Shanghai. The next day morning,
members of the gangs of the Green and Red Societies, wearing white armbands
bearing the Chinese character Gong (工), began to slaughter the revolutionary
workers. Zhou Enlai (周恩來 the future Premier of China), was the vice commander
of revolutionary workers. He was lucky and he escaped during the turmoil.
On 21st May 1927, the generals of the Kuomintang (國民黨) army, General
He Jian (何鍵) and Xu Kexiang (許克祥) began to arrest and kill the Communists
in Changsha. The Communists in Changsha canceled their plan of 100,000 peasant
army to attack Changsha.
At that time, Mao Zedong was in Wuhan (武漢) giving lectures at the Wuhan
branch of the Peasant Movement Training Institute. He was the head of the
branch. On 27th April of that year, at the 5th Congress of the CCP Mao Zedong
proposed to speed up the struggle of land reform, but without conclusion.
In order to prepare for any certain change of political events, Mao Zedong
sent his wife and their three children back to Hunan province. As Mao had
expected, on the 15th of July, Wang Jingwei (汪精衛), who was the head of
the leftist Kuomintang, declared, "To clean up the party 清黨 - meaning
to purge the Communists". That was the end of the United Front.
..............................................................
(2) Cui Tu (崔塗 874AD to 888AD) was another poet produced by the CUI Clan.
Cui Tu lived during the Tang Dynasty (唐朝 618AD to 907AD)
孤雁 Gu Yan (The lonely goose)
幾行歸塞盡,---Ji hang2 gui sai4 jin4,
念爾獨何之?--Nian4 er3 du2 he2 zhi?
暮雨相呼失,---Mu4 yu3 xiang hu shi,
寒塘欲下遲.---Han2 tang2 yu4 xia4 chi2.
渚雲低暗渡,---Zhu3 yun2 di an4 du4,
關月冷相隨.---Guan yue4 leng3 xiang sui3.
未必逢矰繳,---Wei4 bi4 feng2 zeng jiao3,
孤飛自可疑.---Gu fei zi4 ke3 yi2.
The explanations in plain Chinese and English
(1) 一行一行的鴻雁, 回到邊塞地方, 都已飛盡了.
Line after line of geese are flying back to the frontier fortress over the
border,
(2) 想你獨自飛著, 到什麼地方去你?
You are flying alone. Where are you going?
(3) 在暮雨中, 你呼叫著已經失散了的同伴,
You call your separated mates in the evening rain.
(4) 在寒冷的池塘上, 你要飛下去, 又有些遲疑不決的樣子.
You want to go down to the cold pond but you are hesitated to do so.
(5) 在小洲上有雲的地方, 你暗中渡過水面.
In the dark, you fly over the islet with clouds hovering above.
(6) 關塞那邊的月光, 卻冷清地跟著你.
The moon in the frontier fortress is following you wherever you go.
(7) 雖然你在路上未必逢到射鳥的羽箭,
Although you may not meet the bird shooter on your way,
(8) 但是你單獨飛行, 自覺得有些可驚可疑的地方啊.
Yet by flying alone is the worse for staying adrift.
Notes:
(A) The poem is about the loneliness of the author, with these four words
(1) Shi (失)---lose
(2) Chi (遲)------late
(3) Di (低)-------low
(4) Leng (冷)---cold
(B)
雁 (yan4) means wild goose.
鳥類, 形狀像鵝, 群居在水邊, 秋天往南飛, 春天向北飛, 飛行時排列成行.
The author Cui Tu passed the Imperial Examinations during the reign of Emperor
Xi Zong Li Xuan (僖宗皇帝李儇 874AD to 888AD).
........................................................
(3) 崔公度 (Cui Gongdu)
Cui Gongdu was born in the county of Gaoyou (高郵縣) in Jiangsu province
(江蘇省). He suffered from severe stuttering, but he was good in studying
and was a fast reader. He was well-read and diligent in writing, particularly
in composing poetry.
One day, by coincident Ouyang Xiu (歐陽修 1007AD to 1072AD), a scholar cum
poet read the book entitled 感山賦 Gan Shan Fu written by Cui Gongyou. Ouyang
Xiu reckoned that the book was very well written and he showed to his friend,
Han Qi (韓琦) who presented it to Emperor Ying Zong Zhao Shu (英宗皇帝趙
曙 1064AD to 1067AD). After reading the book, Emperor Ying Zong considered
Cui Gongdu was a talented scholar and appointed him as a lecturer in the
Imperial College.
When Wang Anshi (王安石 1021Ad to 1086AD) became the Prime Minister, Cui
Gongdu presented Wang Anshi an encyclopedic book which was about the excellent
works of the ancients. Wang Anshi appointed him as a Magistrate of Wuyang
county (武陽縣). Cui Gongdu served the country well and he died of old age.
.....................................................................
Note:
Surname CUI (崔) is the 58th most common Chinese surname in the world.
Posted to asiawind.com
By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
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