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 Welcome to the Zheng He forum 歡迎參加鄭和論壇
Author: SL Lee 
Date:   06-08-06 01:03

This new forum is created for a special discussion of Zheng He and his impact on the world. You may post in English or Chinese, although English is preferred.

On the 600th anniversary of Zheng He's first voyage, there have been a lot of seminars and websites on the topic. The book by Gavin Menzies has raised a lot of questions, most require further research. It is hoped that this forum will also accomodate some new thoughts.

This is an academic discussion forum and not a chat room. All posts should have substantive value and independent thoughts. Please observe the policy and etiquette in posting.

Thank you.

此論壇特為討論鄭和与世界。歡迎有特殊見地,學術性的貼子。請遵守論壇規則,尊重他人意見, 任何人身攻擊,惡意,無禮的貼子,將被刪除。主持有權禁止不合規格者發言。

亞洲風論壇自2001年元月開辦以來,深受大眾歡迎,被讀者譽為最公允之公開論壇。 謝謝您對亞洲風論壇的愛護与支持。

李兆良


--------------

SL Lee

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 Places Visited by Zheng He
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   06-08-06 07:17


鄭和航海圖
Places visited by Zheng He


The followings are the recorded places visited by Admiral Zheng He
during his seven voyages

http://yn.chung.id.au/ZhengHe.01.jpg

During his fisrt voyage from 1405AD to 1407AD he visited these places:

(01) 占城 Champa (in present day south of Vietnam
(02) 爪哇 Java (in present day Indonesia)
(03) 蘇門答剌 Sumatra (in present day Indonesia)
(04) 錫蘭山 Ceylon (present day Sri Laka)
(05) 柯枝 Cochin (in the west coast of India)
(06) 舊港 Polembang (in present day Indonesia)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

(2nd) Second voyage from 1408AD to 1411AD

(07) 占城 Champa = same as (01)
(08) 爪哇 Java = same as (02)
(09) 滿剌加 Malacca (in present day Malaysia)
(10) 蘇門答剌 Sumatra = same as (03)
(11) 翠蘭嶼 or 大小葛蘭 Quilon (near the present day Sumatra)
(12) 榜葛剌 Bengal (present day Blangladash)
(13) 錫蘭山 Ceylon = same as (04)
(14) 柯枝 Cochin = same as (05)
(15) 古里 Calicut (somewhere in the present day west coast of India )
(16) 加異勒 Cail (in present day ?)
(17) 阿撥把丹 Jurfattan ? (in present day ? )
(18) 沙里灣泥 Jurfattan ? (in present day ? )
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

(3rd) Third voyage from 1412AD to 1415AD

(19) 占城 Champa = same as (01)
(20) 急蘭丹 Kelantan (in present day Malaysia)
(21) 闍婆 (Dupo ?) (in present day ? )
(22) 阿魯 Aru (in present day Indonesia)
(23) 舊港 Polembang = same as (06)
(24) 蘇門答剌 Sumatra = same as (03)
(25) 孫剌 Sunda (in present day Indonesia ?)
(26) 錫蘭山 Ceylon = same as (04)
(27) 甘巴里 Koyampadi (in present day ? )
(28) 柯枝 Cochin =same as (05)
(29) 古里 Calicut = same as (15)
(30) 忽魯謨斯 Ormus (in present day Iran 伊朗)
(31) 麻林 Malinde (in present day Kenya in Adrica ? )
(32) 彭亨 Pahang (in present day Malaysia)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

(4th) Fourth voyage from 1416AD to 1419AD:

(33) 占城 Champa = same as (01)
(34) 爪哇 Java = same as (02)
(35) 滿剌加 Malacca = same as (09)
(36) 蘇門答剌 Sumatra = same as (03)
(37) 渤泥 Bormeo (present day Brunei in Borneo Island or Kalimanta Island)
(38) 彭亨 Pahang = same as (32)
(39) 溜山洋國 Maldives (the present day Maldives)
(40) 阿丹 Aden (present day Aden)
(41) 忽魯謨斯 Ormus = same as (30)
(42) 柯枝 Cochin = same as (05)
(43) 竹步 or 竹步不喇哇 Juba ( in present day Somali in Africa)
(44) 剌撒 Sana? (in present day ? )

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

(5th) Fifth voyage 1421AD to 1422AD

(45) 占城 Champa = same as (01)
(46) 蘇門答剌 Sumatra = same as (03)
(47) 祖法兒 Zufar (somewhere in the Middle East)
(48) 天方 Macca (present day Mecca in Saudi Arabia)
(49) 木骨都束 Magadoxn (Mogadishu in Somali)
(50) 不喇哇 Juba = same as (43)
(51) 竹步 juba = same as (43)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

(6th) Sixth voyage 1424AD to 1425AD

(52) 占城 Champa = same as (01)
(53) 舊港 Polembang = same as (06)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

(7th) Seventh voyage 1430AD to 1433AD

(54) 占城 Champa = same as (01)
(55) 爪哇 Java = same as (02)
(56) 舊城 Polembang = same as (06)
(57) 蘇門答剌 Sumatra = same as (03)
(58) 喃渤利 Lambri (in present day Indonesia)
(59) 黎代 Lidi (in present day Indonesia)
(60) 那孤兒 Battak (in present day Indonesia)
(61) 翠蘭嶼 or 大小葛蘭 Quilon = same as (11)
(62) 錫蘭山 Ceylon = same as (04)
(63) 古里 Culicut = same as (15)
(64) 忽魯謨斯 Ormus = same as (30)
(65) 祖法兒 Zufar = same as (47)
(66) 阿丹 Aden = same as (40)
(67) 天方 Macca = same as (48)
(68) 木骨都束 Magadoxn = same as (49)
(69) 不喇哇 Juba = same as (43)
(70) 暹羅 Siam (present day Thailand)

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Reference books

(1) 中國通史 volume 2 pages 829 to 843
by 周谷城

(2) 中國歷代史話 volume 5 - Ming Dynasty - pages 75 to 84
by 婁曾泉 and 顏章炮

(3) 中國人物綱 volume 2 pages 743 to 747
by 柏楊

CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)

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 Zheng He Visited Melaka (Malacca in Malaysia)
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   06-08-06 07:33


Zheng He Visited Melaka (Malacca in Malaysia)

Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋) founded the Dynasty called Ming (明朝 1368AD to 1644AD) with its capital in Yingtianfu (應天府 present day Nanjing city 南京市
in Zhejiang province 浙江省). Zhu Yuanzhang installed himself as Emperor
Tai Zu (太祖).

Zhu Yuanzhang had twenty six sons and he installed his eldest son Zhu Biao (朱標), as the Crown Prince. In the fourth Month in 1392AD the Crown Prince died and Zhu Yuanzhang installed a new Crown Prince, Zhu Yunwen (朱允炆), the eldest son of the deceased Crown Prince. The new Crown Prince was only a young lad. In order to facilitate the succession of the young Crown Prince to be the next Emperor after his death, Zhu Yuanzhang wanted all his other sons to be far away from the capital. So he delegated them authorities to rule the various parts of the Ming Empire.

Zhu Yuanzhang died in 1398AD and his grandson, Zhu Yunwen succeeded him as the new Emperor, Hui Di (惠帝). The twenty two year-old Zhu Yunwen saw that some of his uncles were a thread to his throne, so he stripped off the power of some of them and even sent out punitive forces to crush those who did not carry out his orders.

His fourth uncle, Zhu Di (朱棣), who was stationed in Shuntianfu (順天府
present day Bejing city 北京市 in Hebei province 河北省) rebelled against
him. Zhu Yunwen dispatched a punitive force to quell his fourth uncle. However, Zhu Di was the most powerful uncle of them all.

Zhu Di beat the Emperor's troops in many battles and the conflict lasted
for three years. Finally in the sixth Month of 1402AD Zhu Di captured the
capital of Yingtianfu. The victors could not find the Emperor as he had
disappeared in the turmoil. Zhu Di and his generals believed that the Emperor had escaped to Nanyang (南洋 Southeast Asia).

Zhu Di became the third Emperor of the Ming Dynasty and was crowned as Emperor Cheng Zu (成祖 reigned 1403AD to 1424AD). Zhu Di established his capital in Shun Tian Fu which he renamed it to Beijing.

In 1404AD Emperor Cheng Zu appointed Zheng He (鄭和), a Muslim eunuch from Yunnan province (雲南省), as an admiral. Originally, Zheng He's surname was Ma (馬) which was also the same surname as that of the Empress who disliked Zheng He sharing her surname. So she told the Emperor to issue an edict forcing Zheng He to change his surname. Zheng He obliged and adopted his mother's surname Zheng (鄭) as his surname.

Zheng He alias San Bao (三保) was born in a Muslim family in Kun Yang county (昆陽縣) of Yunnan province (雲南省). His father and grandfather had gone on pilgrimages to Mecca. Zheng He was greatly influenced by the stories his father told him about his sailing to Mecca for his pilgrimage and he always wanted to be like his father and grandfather and travel to Mecca
by sea.

Years before in the intercalary second moon of 1382AD Zhu Yuan Chang had dispatched a large army under the command of General Mu Ying (沐英) and Lan Yu (藍玉) to pacify the present day province of Yunnan. Zheng He's father died of disease during the turmoil and Zheng He was captured by the Ming troops. Zheng He was only 12 years old. He was assigned to be the young butler of Zhu Di, the fourth son of Zhu Yuan Chang.

In 1402AD Zheng He took part in the battle of Jing Nan (靖難) where Zhu
Di defeated his nephew, Emperor Hui Di. Zheng He served Zhu Di well in the uprising against Emperor Hui Di. When Zhu Di became the Emperor he appointed Zheng He to be in charge of the eunuchs in the palace.

In the sixth moon of 1405AD, Emperor Cheng Zu sent Zheng He to Nanyang (南洋 the present day of Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia) in search of his nephew, Zhu Yun Wen, the young Emperor who had fled. A large fleet of sixty two large ships and more than one hundred medium-sized ones, altogether more than two hundred ships, with over twenty seven thousand sailors, navigators, and tradesmen, were under the command Zheng He. They sailed to Charapa (占城 present day Vietnam), Java (爪哇), Polembang (舊港), and Sumatra (present day Indonesia) and Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka).

Zheng He returned to Beijing in the ninth moon of 1407AD without finding
the lost Emperor.

He had a second trip in 1408AD, the third in 1412AD, the fourth in 1416AD,
the fifth in 1421AD, the sixth in 1424AD and the seventh in 1430AD. He failed to find the lost Emperor in all these trips.

According to Ming Shi (明史) or the history of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He
might have reached these 35 countries during his trips:

http://yn.chung.id.au/ZhengHe.02.jpg

(01) Champa (占城 in present day Vietnam)
(02) Camboja (真臘 present day Cambodia)
(03) Siam (暹羅 present day Thailand)
(04) Malacca (滿剌加 in present day Malaysia)
(05) Pahang (彭亨 in present day Malaysia)
(06) Kelanta (急蘭丹 in present day Malaysia)
(07) Polembang (舊城 in present day Indonesia)
(08) Sumatra (蘇門答剌 in present day Indonesia)
(09) Aru (阿魯 in present day Indonesia)
(10) Lambri (南渤利 in present day Indonesia)
(11) Lide (黎代 in present day Indonesia)
(12) Battak (那孤兒 in present day Indonesia)
(13) Java (爪哇 in present day Indonesia)
(14) Sunda (孫剌 in present day Indonesia)
(15) Boemeo (渤泥 in present day the island of Borneo or Kalimantan)
(16) Calicut (古里 present day ?)
(17) Cochin (柯枝 in present day Vietnam)
(18) Quilon (葛蘭 in present day Indonesia)
(19) Chola (瑣里 present day ?)
(20) Cail (加異剌 present day ?)
(21) Juriattan (阿撥把丹 present day ?)
(22) Koyampadi (甘巴里 present day ?)
(23) Ceylon (錫蘭山 present day Sri Laka)
(24) Maldives (溜山 present day Maldives)
(25) Bengal ( 榜葛剌 present day Bangladash)
(26) Ormua (忽魯謨斯 present day ?)
(27) Zufar (祖法兒 present day in the Middle East)
(28) Sana (剌撒 present day in Middle East)
(29) Aden (阿丹 present day Aden)
(30) Macca (天方 in present day Saudi Arabia)
(31) Magadoxn (木骨都束 present day Madagascar Island?)
(32) Malinde (麻林 present day ?)
(33) Brwa (比剌 or 不剌哇 present day ?)
(34) Juriattan (沙里灣泥 present day ?)
(35) Juba (竹步)

On his second trip he stopped in Malacca which was then a Kingdom in the
Malay peninsular. He met the ruler of Malacca, Paramaswara who made an agreement with Zheng He for the Kingdom of Malacca to become a protectorate Kingdom of the Ming Dynasty. On his way home Zheng He took Paramaswara with him and presented him to Emperor Cheng Zu who then married one of his daughters to Paramaswara. Paramaswara returned to Malacca with the Chinese princess and her Chinese entourage of over two hundred. Paramaswara ceded to his Chinese guests a small hill not far from his palace. The locals named this hill Bukit China (唐人山 Chinese Hill).

These Chinese guests did not return to China but lived in Malacca permanently. After their deaths they were all buried in Bukit China which was later to become a Chinese cemetery. Today, this hill is still being used as a burial place by the local ethnic Chinese.

This is the first part of a poem written by a scholar who sailed with Zheng
He in the first trip to the South Sea:

紀行詩
皇華使者承天敕﹐宣布綸音往夷域。
黥舟吼浪泛滄溟﹐遠涉洪濤渺無極。
-------------------------------------------------------

Legendary stories of Zheng He - the magic well

There are quite a few legendary stories of Zheng He that the Malaysian folks passed down from generation to generation. This is one of them.

Princess Hong Lim Poh, one of the daughters of Emperor Cheng Zu Zhu Di (成祖皇帝朱棣 1403AD to 1424AD) of the Ming Dynasty (明朝 1368AD to 1644AD), married Paramaswara (Sultan Mansur Shah). She arrived in Malacca (in present day Malaysia) with about 500 beautiful ladies-in-waiting. The ladies were quartered in a hill near the Sultan's palace. Sultan Mansur Shah gave them "the hill without a town" and promised that the land they occupied would never be taken away from them. The hill was called Bukit China (唐人山 or Chinese Hill). All the ladies-in-waiting died of old age and they were buried in the hill which in later generation became a Chinese cemetery.

If you saunter up the hill you will see there are several graves dated back
to the Ming Dynasty. To this day, Bukit China belongs to Malacca Chinese
community.

The followers of Princess Hong Lim Poh built a well at the foot of the hill.
The Chinese believe that after Admiral Zheng He had a drink of the water
from the well, the water attained an extraordinary purity. It never dried
up, even during the most severe drought. It is believed that if a visitor
drinks the water from the well he would return to Malacca before he died.

This well is called Perigi Rajah or Sultan's Well, but the Chinese call
it "Sanbao Jing 三寶井" which is next to Sam Poh Kong Temple at the foot
of Bukit.
------------------------------------------------------

Zheng He - the legendary war of wits

Legend had it that:

In around 1460, when Zheng He sailed into the port of Malaka (Malacca, in
present day Malaysia), the entire interior of one of his ships was delicately
pinned with gold needles. Zheng He conveyed the message from Emperor Cheng Zu Zhu Di (成祖皇帝朱棣 1403AD to 1424AD) to Paramaswara, the ruler of Malacca. The message read:

"For every gold needle, I have a subject; if you could count their number,
thenyou would know my power."

Paramaswara was impressed, but not dismayed. When Zheng He was on his way back to China, Paramaswara sent Emperor Cheng Zu a ship stuffed with bags of sago with the message:

"If you can count the grains of sago on this ship you will have guessed
the number of my subjects correctly, and you will know my power."

Emperor Cheng Zu was so intrigued that he allowed one of his daughters,
Princess Hong Lim Poh, married Paramaswara.

[Please note that it is only a legend among the Malays. There are many legends about Zheng He in Malaysia among the Malays and the Chinese].

CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
All rights reserved

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 Re: Zheng He Visited Melaka (Malacca in Malaysia)
Author: CHUNG Yoon Ngan 
Date:   06-08-06 07:59


The present day city of Melaka (Malacca).
Bukit Cina (Tang Ren Shan or China Hill) is on the top
of the map.

http://yn.chung.id.au/Melaka.jpg


CHUNG Yoon-Ngan

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 Re: Zheng He Visited Melaka (Malacca in Malaysia)
Author: Paul Yih (---.dhcp.mdsn.wi.charter.com)
Date:   06-09-06 20:27

Dear Yoon Ngan, as always, you have always put us onto the right track . Indeed, Zhenghe's voyage can be the new inspiration for all of us.

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 Re: Zheng He Visited Melaka (Malacca in Malaysia)
Author: joeching (64.147.190.---)
Date:   06-10-06 16:49

Cousin (Zheng)CHUNG Yoon Ngan and professor lee,

Was there really a "Zheng He Demolition", in which all Zheng He's records were burnt, as Gavin Menzies described in his book, 1421.

In the tradition of Menzies, let me also offer here a map comparison of the america and chinese american maps:

http://www.ping-pong.net/zhemap.jpg

To the best I can make out, the river on the lower right corners is Mississippi.

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 Re: Places visited by Zheng He
Author: Zhao Yun2 (---.cid.global-gateway.net.nz)
Date:   06-12-06 18:04

It has alway been my belief that the Chinese and other races have been sailing to the Americas a long time before Zhenghe did. I think Zhenghe merely followed some of the routes taken my other travellers/explorers before him. He already knew of Chinese "colonies" existing in different parts of the world.

To date, scientists could not explain how cocaine, which comes from a plant that is indigenous to South America, was found in the stomach of a 3,000 year old Egyptian pharoah or how the taro, tomato, and sweet corn or maize plants, which are all indigenous to the Americas were found in parts of Polynesia and China long before Columbus "discovered" the new world!

[%sig%]

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 Re: Places visited by Zheng He
Author: joeching (64.147.190.---)
Date:   06-12-06 19:42

i tend to agree with u. but the discussion on zheng he is important for the world, especially the barbaric west, to understand china.

most of my america friends simply could not accept the account of someone burnt all zheng's records. in short, they insisted that the records never existed. so were the voyages. this, i called, zheng he's demolition, is something we should and could address to dispel many dangerous misconceptions of china.

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 UNDERSTANDING CHINA THROUGH ZHENG HE DEMOLITION
Author: joeching (64.147.190.---)
Date:   06-14-06 18:25



Imagine tomorrow we decided to destroy all the intellectual properties in the world. Yes, most people would think it's shear madness. We are prematurely aborting civilization. Some would even do anything to keep that from happening, even if it means destroying the entire world instead. But understandably, such a decision is not arrived at lightly. What had to be done had to be done. Often time, a lost of man-made amenities means a gain in humanity.

Well, this is exactly what happened in China 600 years ago. The vast volumes of Zheng He's records of his seven voyages were burnt. The greatest armada the world had ever created was destroyed. The value of records and the fleet of ships in today's worth amount to holding the entire world in the palm of China's hand. China was within a stone's throw to world domination. But China chose to demolish them all.

Modern historians have attributed this single event to China's remaining a "backward" nation in the ensuing centuries. It was why Chinese people had been consistently on the slaughtered ends of the two World Wars. Did China make a mistake? Maybe yes, for China. But for the world, China saved humanity.

China retained for herself, today, the option of leading the world without having to be a superpower first.

Zheng He was really of Mongolian origin. His ancesters have conquered the world by land. He's own military voyage was the same conquest by sea. Is the next conquest, again by China, by air?

History showed China had twice said "no". The first time, the pulling back was involuntary. But the second time, it was voluntary. If there ever going to be a third time, China would have to be invited before she will occupy any foreign land.

Understanding China, therefore, means recognizing this Zheng He's demolition.

And understanding China means trusting China.

From Chapter 66 of China's Dao De Jing we have:

Why is the sea king of a hundred rivers?
Because it lies BELOW them.
That's why it is the king of a hundred rivers.

If the sage would guide the people, he must serve with humility.
If he would lead them, he MUST follow behind.
In this way, when the sage rules, the people will not feel oppressed;
When he stands before them, they will not be "harmed".
The whole world will support him and will not be tired of him.

Because he does not compete,
He does not meet competition.


Background Supporting Information:

Zheng He (1371-1433 AD), an eunuch in Ming dynasty, built a total of 1622 ships and made
at least 7 major excursions between 1405 AD and 1430 AD, reaching Somalia and probably
Europe (France, Holland and Portugal). In each trip, he led a troop of 27,800 people on more
than 300 ships. In each trip, 62 major ships of this fleet were employed, each about 475 ft long
and 193 ft wide, holding 1000 people per ship, dwarfing Columbus’ Santa Maria
(75 ft x 25 ft) more than 6-fold.

Unfortunately, Zheng He’s magnificent accomplishment was later targeted by traditional
Chinese scholars of court mandarins as wasteful. Most of his records were destroyed
and building of ships with more than 3 masts were considered crimes punishable by death.
So, a large part of his excursion has no reports.

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 Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: paulyih (---.dhcp.mdsn.wi.charter.com)
Date:   06-17-06 08:50

Frank Lee is one of the Menzies members in 1421 from HK
Please take this in the form as a News Release.
**********************************************************


Dear Folks,

You will be interested to know the latest from Hong Kong:

1. On June 14 (WED), Gavin was picked up at the Hong Kong Airport, at 5:25PM, with the PhoenixTV crew filming him all the way from the airport to the Royal Geographical Society (RGS).

We arrived the venue, at around 6:30PM, the penthouse of one of the oldest "hongs" of Hong Kong, established in the 1900's, with cocktails waiting; in the next one hour, we saw the filming crew of Australian Broadcasting Corp (ABC) FOUR CORNER, PhoenixTV were ready with their equipment, the members and guests of RGS were arriving, drinks were flowing, exchanges were made, 70% expats and 30% Chinese, 200+ in total. On a night when World Cup was on, we did it with flying colours. We must thank Rupert McCowan of RGS and Malcolm Brocklebank, co-founder of CHINA 1421 SOCIETY who helped Gavin to kick-start his talk and Dr. S. L. Lee's talk of the Imperial Medal, the Big Dipper, Catawba Pottery, etc. I did not stay as I was needed to hold an annual election meeting in Shenzhen, 90 minutes away from the venue.

2. On June 15 (THU), Gavin was interviewed by PhoenixTV and filmed at its studio. He was then officially received by Wang Ji-yan, CEO of PhoenixTV. Gavin presented an autographed book and Liu Gang's 1418 / 1763 Map, a high-resolution one mounted by a golden frame, to commemorate PhoenixTV's 10th Anniversary. The crews of PhoneixTV and ABC FOUR CORNER had captured the scenes on tape.

A "working" dinner was arranged, the Cantonese dinner worked our brain, a greycell-storming session was held. Many ideas were brought up. An announcement around July 11 in London, shooting of Gavin's investigations in Americas in 2006 and 2007, "CHALLENGE BY GAVIN - a weekly program to look at each piece of the jig-saw, map, quotes from explorer's diary, a stone-house, an Asian chicken in Brazil, for example, to be presented by Gavin, were suggested.

3. On June 16 (FRI), we did the press conference at FCC, the Strait Times also joined in to cover the story, the Shenzhen Southern Metropolis did a phone interview with Dr. Lee.

The afternoon saw ABC Four Corner interviewing and filming Dr. Jeffrey Day, Dr. Lee and Yee Lam. The HKU session was attended by 120 persons, 80% were academics , with two of them voicing some skeptics. Dr. Lee's medal was shown the first time in public.

The evening session, a dinner at the Royal Yacht Club was attended by 100 persons, the ambience, the enthusiasm were amazing.
With the World Cup on, our attendance surprised me.

4. On June 17 (SAT), Gavin has a LIVE broadcast by RTHK Radio. Gavin and I attended Dr. Lee's speech at the Museum of History. It was given in Cantonese, with over 80 persons attended.

I'm leaving via the midnight flight to Spain and UK, so not be able to report on Dr. Lee's session at City University, Gavin and Dr. Lee will
also be speaking at the Foreign Correspondents Club, a dinner session on June 19 (MON).

Regards,

Frank Lee
from Hong Kong

[%sig%]

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: Samuel NG 
Date:   06-21-06 02:41

Having attended Dr Lee's talk about his recent findings that related to Zhenghe's voyages & mission(s), I, as a layman to history, found the discovery of the new 'evidence' very interesting.

I hope Dr Lee's effort would bring more lights on the issues surrounding Zhenghe's mission(s). It is an honour to hear that 'we' have not less than 10,000 years of history.

In retrospect, there was a special feature series in Ming Pao on Zhenghe's voyages few years back. Unfortunately, it was lifted after 2 issues. I have to wait until the "600 yr celebration" to see more of it and rejuvenate my enthusiasm.

My personal view is that it is not significant to prove Zhenghe's "tomb" in China is a proof of his death but it is sufficient to say that Zhenghe did not return to China. The reason(s) of his 'death' or 'absence' from reporting the last mission to the emperor was not to protect the new experience gained and the previous records. To Zhenghe, there was no significant difference between whether he died on a ship or on foreign land as it took years to go back, whether he could survive the time to go back was a queston of his own determination. Even if he could, he would be old enough to find excuses in avoiding the vigor of political struggles in royal yards. His own life is more important than the 'records'.

If the royal history was not incorrect, Zhenghe would have estimated his (unfavourable) political situation on return and he would not have another chance of making another voyage because of his old age. As an admiral, he had the absolute power to stay anywhere he chose.

This view, of course, works on balance of probabilities.
A convincing evidence would rely on "proof beyond reasonable doubts".

Samuel
an ex-marine engineer
of (steam & diesel driven) VLCC

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: paulyih (---.dhcp.mdsn.wi.charter.com)
Date:   06-22-06 15:04

Author: Paul Yih

I have responded to Joe Ching in the World section -- I think this post belongs here as well.
********************************************
Date: 06-17-06 11:08

The evidence by SL Lee had given Menzies North American hypothesis more boosting . I was told by SL weeks ago and I am glad now this piece of evidence is in the open as SL had presented that in HK and at the HKU and the HK historical Museum .

I regret that the timing is a bit off on account of the World Cup ---

Nevertheless, the evidence of the Ming time medallion by SL Lee and the connectivity through the Cherookee tribes -- This is where I continue to do my exploration in the Amazons , in Yucatan and in area where I seek sound --- phonetic sound -- where I think hypothetically, the many Chinese , if indeed had entered in the Americas -- some ofthe evidence will be presented into the sounds of the natives -- as those culture formed those symbiosis --- As in the case of the language of Tupi and Guarani, the dominant language in coastal Brazil or in most of South America - and the Mayans in Yucatan .. thus far, in my personal and "less important way" -- there are many, many similar features ---

But of course, I can't wait the day when we can afford Chinese scholars, cultural anthropologists to join us -- where their contribution to find out the time frame of Ming or near Zhenghe, what dialects and sounds of their language were using at that time -- Could it be the Hakka ? the mandarin ? the coastal region where the sailors and deck hands were created ----

In both past and present -- to rally behind China to do the same search (many may have already been existing data or evidence . of the phonetic sound of then ..) and then jointly --- the sound and language of the time of Zhenghe and the various "asiatic" sounds in Brazil, in Central America can be tested, documented into data --- and now with the Cherokees use of utensils, their celestial guides... bits and pieces may be able to substantiate the possible contacts of Chinese then ..

But of course, let all skeptics be skeptics ---- and only evidence that we can gather and studied will give new lights and new ideas of the old world and the new world -- to determine if and when the Chinese were here.


Thus far, SL Lee's ming bronze piece ( I am assuming ) will be a far more concrete evidence than what all other have surfaced thus far.

Let us go on exploring ----:) tracing our ancestors in the Americas is part of my partime focus -- and that had given methe new energy in my South American travel and more exploration ----- and I have contributed here and there to Menzies team --- from the jade amulet from the Amazonian women tribe --- and that one amulet --- by the name of -- MUIRAQUITA....
jade pieces (jade, or jadeite, which we had never found in entire Brazil-- except jadeite from Nicaragua, guatemala, Mexico ---not nephrite) that were found in the Amazon basin near Santarem ---- are now in the museum located in Belem, in northern Brazil ...

But then again, I am not saying these jadeite (jadeite only produced in Burma in the 1670 and introduced to China-- during the second emperor of the Manchu - Qing dyanasty -- before that, China had no found of Jadeite, or so called imperial jade when it is the highest quality often far more valued by the Cantonese, or southern Chinese -- then those in the north ).

In fact, one of the Cixi 's fascination with the color red --- or pink tourmaline from Fallbrooks, CA was one of the first gems from US to China and to her delight, she used that red gem often next to the imperail jade to have that yin-yong color ...(bad pinying).

The link of stons, amulets from the Amazon basis, tothe animals being said of Asiatic origin -- via Menzies or other evidence -- such as the findings of the Amazonian anaconda ( I have seen plenty in my life time in the jungles in Brazil and Venezuela ), the specie of chicken, the many fruits -- even hypothetically,the maize or corn, may have brought on by the Asian sailors ... to the sweet potato or yam, and many more commented by Menzies as well as in now his 1941 group or team. Of course, record had shown that Pedro Alvares Gabral had found Brazil -- and as early then in 1501, there have been also Chinese boats into Brazil ----

But not forget, Francisco Orellana, Spanish were in that region before Gabral --and from my take -- playing more of a devil's advocate --- the species may have come after 1500 --- as in all the navigators of that time, they recruit or taken deckhands from every where, they could have been Chinese, sumatrans, or folks from that region of Southeast Asia -- and for food and supply --- those species could have arrived into the Americas in the 1500 or there after..... So, while we are searching for evidence of Zhenghe 's track --- and trace. With both some "optimism " my optimism is that Menzies had stirred up the pie ---- or the "shiit" to have now the observation of the America's discovery totally reversed to this hypothetical older discovery by the Chinese --- and why not ? If nothing else, at my age, this is the new stories about Alladin, about the fables of the Arabs in 1001 nights of Arabia --- About Marco Polo, about the silk road .. and who is to knowwhere the Chinese may have also been navigating all along - Hell, even by the evidence of the defeat of the Mongols in the Japanese episode of Kamikaze --- who were the sailors that had taken the Mongols into Japan ?

So, history need not to be coming from only one side -- or evidence provided by the West -- or by the Europeans -- History now has to be reviewed by the natives of the Americas, and Chinese can be just one ofthe many untold stories of then ----- and if evidence found in bits and pieces as by the arousal carried on by Gavin Menzies - I tip my hat to his initiative -- and to have created new stories ... and more imagination and more new comments ..
From what I know, a movie deal has been signed or being negotiated --- for Zhenghe ...and it is marvelous when that story can be told again by the westerners -- I personally like to see DeLorentis , the director producers of the Last Emperor -- who had meticulously taken all the detail and authenticity of time, the people, the attire and the same meticulous detail to put forth the evidence of the "grandiose" Chinese navigation history of Ming --- in visual arts, that can be also be great -- Again, retelling the stories of the Chinese navigation ---- be that for real, fable or partly recreated or re-invented. Definitley this will be the new direction of story telling -- Afterall, we all have grown a bit tired of the Western stories that had been told again and again .. If nothing else -- this is refreshing -- no less than the Da Vinci Code, suggesting that Jesus had sex, married, had kids ------ Maybe it is hard for those virginal christians to take on this ideas that indeed, Christ the man had sex -- that is because he was indeed the man ---- and man do have relations with people and tohave a female companion is not out of the question :)

I think this Zhenghe episode, stories and events will continue to arouse the interest of all to know more about China ---

I know you have a different take on the Ming navigation history -- Yes, I share that intensely with you where China had enjoyed her own kingdom and their own rules and soverignty --- the contact with the West may have been more beneficial, instead, it had brought on more disasters -- in the context per your many posting of the "ming" and the forced upon ---- relationship with the Western Barbarians ..

Maybe in the retelling of the Zhenghe story, a mohamadan, with his originaly name more like Mohamad , Ma instead of Zheng --- a name given by teh emperor, his one time palatial playmate --- and the entire story retelling of that time -- will give both chinese and non Chinese the interesting story of then the Ming emperors ---- and their ideas of a "closed" soceity that not necessarily -- to be non-progressive -- Afterall, up until the Mongols and Manchus -- these northerners enjoyed the court system, the tax system and the peaceful and comfortable living of the Han people --- our food, clothing of silk and linen, our even possible sexual pleasure in a "sedantistic " living between two great rivers ------.

But teh events had told us that , the world is forever changing and no one can afford to sit idle anymore ---- the invasion by the Barbarians versus the more tranquil voyages of Zhenghe will again review the kind of "civiliation " of Chinese -- less intrusive, less invasive and much less non barbaric --- as to compare the "Barbarism " fully display by Bush in Iraq --- maybe history will tell us all that in fact --- his mother's name Barbara, comes from the beards of the Nordsman during Roman time -- and these Barbarians had not ceased to become civilizaed -- they were mere tamed temporarily by the so called "Christian" slave ideology -----.

There is more to be explore by way of Zheng He, be that is vision, or his hidden knowledge from his dad, his origin in Yunan, his time with the Ming court, his travels, his engagement of all these foreign entities ---- last but not least --- SL Lee's evidence is one of the first piece of evidence found in North America -- On that, this will give mroe credence to Menzies hypothesis - and for me, what a marvelous ideas to have one of the Chinese American --- Dr. SL Lee to have noticed the importance of this medal ------- one of the most concrete evidence of the presence of Chinese of Ming time.

I hope we all can rally behind this marvel of a great "find" - and let there be more news and more studies as to the "arrival" and its link to our past and the link from our past to the Americas.

I will continue to dig on my little bits and pieces in the Amazons -- and in Mezo-America :) and I will be glad to share those evidences with you as well as with SL and the team of 1421.

[%sig%]

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: Jane 
Date:   06-23-06 22:45

Congratulations to Dr. Lee and Paul Yih for their scholastic achievements lately, and Chung Yoon-Ngan for his consistent educational works! I am excited to hear about this and look forward more such news from you all!

As for the "Zheng He Demolition" that¡¯s been discussed, in which all Zheng He's records were burnt, my humble thoughts are, for a Chinese, it's easy to understand the whys and hows. In the Ming Dynasty, China was still a nation of feudalism monarchy system. With this monarchy system being part of China's feudalism culture, the wish of the Heavon's son, namely the Emperor, was basically the commander of "all the His Majesty¡¯s children under the Heaven". Orders were always carried out that way. What the Emperors ordered must be executed strigently. A slight alter could result in one being beheaded. Hence, it's not surprising that the Ã÷³É׿Öìé¦ had ordered all those Zheng He's travel records be destroyed, out of a historical concern that is yet to be studied.

Such incidents did not happen alone in Chinese history. The incident of "·ÙÊé¿ÓÈå" was another one, where the first Emperor of Qing ordered all the scholars none than the Confucians be executed and all the non-Confucian books be buried.

Relevance can also be drawn to other similar incidents. Such one wish as by the Emperor Guangxu to use millions of money and build the magnificent îUºÍˆ@ (the Summer Palace) for the old Empress Cixi to celebrate her birthdays.

All such events did not happen single-handedly. Underlining there was this trait of Chinese character of how things were done in China for literally two thousands of years. The Emperor power had been a decisive force of how history was made and written in China.

One man¡¯s wish is the commander of thousands; One man¡¯s voice is the voice of all. Not to judge this is right or wrong, but more pertinently perhaps what is applicable to the soil. People in the world today all too easily come to their judgement by their own way of thinking, or their own way of living, thinking what could not have happened by their own culture could not have happened by another. While it remains culturally sound for the Chinese to understand it in the context of their Chinese soil, we see how unbelievingly difficult it is for the west to look at the ¡°demolition incident¡± through their own logical lens,

It¡¯s only a small difference of how the west makes unbelieve the Zheng He demolition while how a Chinese mind easily recognizes it, but it¡¯s also a miniature of how the East can differ from the West in terms of culture and thinking. In a world where all differences exist and wars are immediate from these differences, perhaps we can learn something from it when we are next confronted with a different culture, and perhaps people could have known this war in Iraq they brought in had not helped bring in ¡°liberation¡± to their people and could have been avoided in the first place¡­..

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: joeching (64.147.190.---)
Date:   06-24-06 03:44

thanks, jane, for helping me to bring attention to the chinese-characteristic phenomenon of "zhenghe demolition". most people i talked to in america refused to believe such a thing could have happened(how could anyone destroy such precious intellectual properties? yes, chinese did!).

but to me, in any new debate of zhenghe's escapades, this one phenomenon should be high lighted and indicate a complete alternative path that china could have chosen different from today's one toward modernity, and possibly even expansionistic later on.

on ur remark about "Heavon's son, namely the Emperor", i have to beg to differ. it should be sky's son, whom the sky has given to us like the sun and rain. heaven is not "tien", it's "tien taong", as earth is "dee", not "dee yu", as to mean hell. heaven and hell are for western reiligonists. earth and sky are for chinese.

and, above all, if the son of sky, unlike son of god, misbehaves, we chinese simply get rid of him. (which sadly was done prematurely by the religious sun yat sen, thus brought the ensuing chaos and suffering to china)

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: paulyih (---.dhcp.mdsn.wi.charter.com)
Date:   06-30-06 11:42

Jane, this is merely the beginning of a long journey that I would like to ask all the forumite and to invite more into this joint "research" for years to come.

Here in part, I am also trying to answer Joe Ching's comment --- maybe not answer, but add to Joe's comment - The origin of Zhenghe is also of great importance.

Any document or comments or even hearsay of Zhenghe, We all know he came from Yunan -- But Joe's comment on zhenghe's origin could have been Mongol, which is not far fetched ---- can it be Ma, or a derivative of Mohammad --- what then is the original name of ZhengHe's father ? His ethnicity -- Mogul ? Indian? Persian and even Mongol is possible.

Now that you are in China, we can form our own Zhenghe team via this forum to rally more and more Chinese and more researchers to give their input toward this subject matter of Zhenghe.

No question about it, the Chinese or Asians were in the Americas maybe way before Zhenghe -- by my own witnessing of the Brazilian natives in as early as in 1962 -- the natives of Xavantes had touched my face, wondering if I was one of them ------ and in what I have witnessed the sound now of the Mayans in Yucatan, Mexico, they all have called us and each other "primos" jokingly -- that meant --"cousins".

I think via Menzies - Thanks to his hypothesis --- had opened up the kind of curiosity in all of us ---- Yes, SL Lee and I and many had our doubts of Menzies comment on Zhenghe 's voyage heading north into North America ---- With that much doubt ---- and now the visual medallion of Xunde --- had given us all the new perspective of the "possibility" of early Chinese voyagers --- That is within the context of Menzies "hypothesis" . Very different than the old Bering Strait crossing over of the Asians into the Americas --- and the polynesians and their images so similar toward the South American natives --- andin the jungles of Brazil.

The language of the Tupi /Guarani ----- and all the more -- now we have the chance to rally global anthropologists to share this new "angle" of human history -- not soley based on the discovery and anthropologist of western origin --- that is not to deny of their work andmerit -- but instead, we can add value to their findings --- and retake human history iwth a different set of lense of observation -- from the Chinese perspective .

No one her is to remove the merit and credit of all previous studies and observations -- all of them are valid and valuable for our on going and future studies that will only lead us all to become more and more "authentication" of our own human race.

This has been a hunch for many-- but now we have something that we, Chinese can work on.

Be that of Li Ka Shing or whomever --- we have to find way to finance the more research and parelel studies --- from Nanking , or nanjing to the Amazons,to the Yucatans, in the Carribeans -- and I think the overseas Chinese will be ofgreat value to us all -- by their presence, their record of history and hearsay ... for as long as those of us who are still capable to have retained our languages --- I think they will be most valuable for any up and coming comparative studies as well as future research of the natives world wide ---- and in what part --- or what period of time, those possibilities where once our ancestors and theirs may have been in contact.

In the case of the Cherokees now in the Carolinas --- even one ofthe old US leaders, or the creator of the state of Texas -- who had defeated Santa Ana of Mexico --- used to be known as the Hawk ----- and Sam Houston had once lived amongst the Cherookees and had even a Cherookee wife, he spoke fluently Cherookee ---- .

I have added this minor episode to highlight the importance today on cross-cultural studies --- meaning,by our multiple cultural background or heritage and our engagemnet of these global cultures --- in what we are being able to retain of allthese cultures -- will come into use -- be that sound and figures ..Case in point --- the word "totem" , it sure sounds Chinese ''Tu" meaning picture --"Tem" meanign raised--- referring to those carved figures in the native American "totem poles"---- or raised figure .. Where did that word come from ? Does it has its Chinese origin ? or what ?

Little things, sounds and all will be of great value to all researchers and cultural studies for all. They will be invaluable to all.

I am glad this Zhenghe segment is opened and it will be opened to rally all the more of Chinese or anyone else to give input .

We now have a fun mission to begin in here ---- in our own search of truth and history :)

[%sig%]

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: paulyih (---.dhcp.mdsn.wi.charter.com)
Date:   06-30-06 12:33

Don't you think Bush would love to see all the invasion evidence totally wiped out ---- so that he will not be known in history as a war criminal? But too bad -- It won't happen in our time.

[%sig%]

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: joeching (64.147.190.---)
Date:   06-30-06 14:20

"now we have the chance to rally global anthropologists to share this new "angle" of human history "

some one should do a study on the distribution of the chinese genes among the american natives to compare the probability of their migrating either over the northpole and alaska, or from ocean voyages, such as zhenghe's.

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: paulyih (---.dhcp.mdsn.wi.charter.com)
Date:   07-01-06 09:02

Joe, I think there have been quite a bit of the comment or publication since Menzies book had surfaced . More are on their way to have studied the dnas of the natives -- We can all explore all the more in here -- I would like to see more Chinese cultural anthropologists and let them have their say and research to be conducted with the native Americans for all of America -- those days will come and many of these "minor" evidences that are surfacing in "bits and pieces" will sooner or later to aid all to see or to clarify the bigger "puzzle" --- In part , this is what is fun for me to do this kind of exploration -- giving me more excuses in all regions in South and Central America :) expanding into the cultural area . There are more new cultural stuff being discovered in the inland area of Brazil, not all are necessary tied to the Asians ----- but there are some very fascinating finds.

[%sig%]

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: abuhamza 
Date:   10-07-06 01:56

hi,
is anyone interested in adding information about zenghe to the muslim wikipedia www.muslimwikipedia.com

i am currently working on islam in china, and i could do with all the help i can get.

Thanks

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: jorge guerrero 
Date:   12-15-06 07:53

in larco-herrera museum in lima peru exists a large collection of "guacos"some of them from mochicas culture represent men with chinese factions and moustaches

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: SL Lee 
Date:   12-15-06 12:50

Hi,

Somehow I misssed your message. Yes, it would be nice to see that in Wikipedia. I am also doing some research on that. Hope to see your article.
--------------

SL Lee

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: SL Lee 
Date:   12-15-06 12:52

i visited the following:

http://museolarco.perucultural.org.pe/iindex.html

But I could not find any of the figurines you mentioned.
they only present 20% of their collection in the museum and much less on the website. Do you have any picture to show?
--------------

SL Lee

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 Re: Latest News on issue of Zhenghe, Menzies and Dr. SL Lee
Author: joeching (---.unwiredltd.com)
Date:   12-16-06 00:13

i m in the process of researching into the chinese government's position on zhenghe. so far, it is surprising that their chief analyst/writer on the subject never heard about prof.lee and only marginally relied on data from menzie.

i ll draw my conclusion after my brother bring the dvd they produced to me around xmas.

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